Deep drainage and water use of forests and pastures grown on deep sands in a Mediterranean environment

Carbon, BA; Roberts, FJ; Farrington, P.; Beresford, J.D.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(82)90120-2

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Both the soil water potential and the soil hydraulic conductivity fell rapidly with small decreases in water content. Similar results were reported earlier by Carbon et al (1982).…”

Section: Water Retention Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Landuse exerts the main control on quantity of recharge; however, the hydraulic properties and the geomorphological features exert some control on the pattern (Salama, 2002a,b). Earlier work by Carbon et al (1982) showed that pine plantations transpired more water than the native forest they replaced. The pines depleted the soil water faster, and to a greater degree.…”

Section: Recharge Flow Patterns and Water Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soils Characteristics of The Bassendean and Spearwood Sands of the Gnangara Mound (Western Australia) and their Controls On Recharge, Water Level Patterns and Solutes of The Superficial Aquifer

Salama

Silberstein

Pollock

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus

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The flow pathways of water in the soils of the Gnangara Mound are highly irregular and depend upon the moisture content, the repellency and preferential wettability potential of the soils. The occurrence of preferential flow is more evident in dry soils. As the soil wets during the rainy season, the water repellence and differential wettability decreases, the fingering and the preferential flow paths disappear. Most of the agricultural sites in the Spearwood Sands which showed more irregular flow than the Bassendean Sands are under continuous irrigation during cultivation season.As the repellency problems are chemically treated, it is therefore expected that the flow will be more uniform all the year round. Landuse is mainly responsible for variation in recharge rates; however, the hydraulic properties control aquifer response and water level pattern to a greater degree. Water levels in the mid 1970s were in a semi steady state. Since that time, a combination of increasing water use by pine plantations, heavy pumping from private boreholes in market gardens and private homes and intensive pumping from the Gnangara Mound for the metropolitan water supply have caused water levels to continually decline in the Superficial aquifer.Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the regional Superficial aquifer are generally very low. None of the tested pesticides (atrazine, diazinon, dimethoate, endosulfan, fenamiphos, iprodione, malathion and chlorpyrifos) were detected in the groundwater samples collected from the monitoring bores.

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“…Both the soil water potential and the soil hydraulic conductivity fell rapidly with small decreases in water content. Similar results were reported earlier by Carbon et al (1982).…”

Section: Water Retention Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Recharge Flow Patterns and Water Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils Characteristics of The Bassendean and Spearwood Sands of the Gnangara Mound (Western Australia) and their Controls On Recharge, Water Level Patterns and Solutes of The Superficial Aquifer

Salama

Silberstein

Pollock

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus

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“…Given these Banksia species do not leaf-shed or reach low tissue water potentials in response to drought (Veneklaas & Poot 2003), the sustained high rates of stomatal conductance over an extended dry period could cause xylem cavitation and eventual seedling death without a sufficient source of soil moisture (Williams et al 1997). In comparison, the scarce amount of moisture located in the soils of the control and inorganic treatments during the second summer (<0.03 g/g 1 ) is considered unavailable to plants in soils of this region (Carbon et al 1982) and is most likely responsible for the chronic water stress (stomatal conductance <0.05 mol H 2 O m −2 s −1 ) (Flexas & Medrano 2002) and mortality observed during this time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Soil Water Retention with Native‐Sourced Mulch Improves Seedling Establishment in Postmine Mediterranean Sandy Soils

Benigno

Dixon

Stevens

2012

Restoration Ecology

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Seasonal drought and heavily impeded soils reduce restoration success in Mediterranean-type postmine soils, where up to 90% seedling mortality has been observed after 2 years. To alleviate these barriers, amendments were incorporated into the soil profile of a freshly mined sand quarry. Within the quarry, three 223 m 2 replicate sites contained two substrate amendments: 12% v/v native-sourced mulch or gravel incorporated within the top 50 cm of the soil profile. Three remnant sites provided a "natural" reference system. Seeds of two autochthonous trees, Banksia attenuata (R.Br.) and B. menziesii (R.Br.) were sown across all treatments. Soil impedance, moisture, and seedling stomatal conductance were monitored for 2 years, at which point seedlings were excavated, and nutrient concentration, root morphology, and soil chemical properties were measured. Roots in all restoration treatments were restricted to the top 40 cm of the profile due to increases in soil impedance, regardless of amendment, compared to >70 cm in the natural system. Seedling mortality was greatest after the second summer in the control and inorganic amendment treatments, with stomatal conductance indicating severe drought stress. Survival in the organic treatment was 24-42% greater than the control, with higher soil moisture and stomatal conductance rates 2.5 times that of the control. The increased soil water retention by a native-sourced mulch was shown to improve postmine restoration success for these native trees.

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“…For example, the two large active soil depths for crop, (of about 5 m) are for lucerne grown on deep sandy soils near Keith, South Australia (Holmes, 1960). The active soil depths for grass of around 5 metres were measured on deep sands near Pinjarra, WA (75 km south of Perth) (Carbon et al, 1982) and the high active soil depth for fallow conditions (of about 3.7 m) was for a deep sandy soil near Wongan Hills in Western Australia about 170 km north-east of Perth where there may have been interaction with groundwater.…”

Section: Comparison With the Atlas Of Australian Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating extractable soil moisture content for Australian soils from field measurements

et al. 2006

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The amount of water that can be stored in soil and evaporated or actively used by plants is a key parameter in hydrologic models and is important for crop and pasture production. Often, the active soil moisture store is estimated from laboratory measurements of soil properties. An alternative approach, described in this paper, is to estimate the extractable soil moisture capacity from direct measurements of soil moisture content in the field. A time series of soil moisture values, over the depth of the soil, shows the actual changes in water content. The difference between the wettest and driest profiles is an estimate of the extractable soil moisture storage. We have gathered data on extractable soil water capacity for 180 locations over Australia and have compared our values with published results from the Atlas of Australian Soils (AAS), derived from profile descriptions and pedo-transfer functions. Our results show that data from the AAS provide a useful lower bound for measured extractable soil moisture storage, but of the sites examined, 42% had values >2 times those in the AAS. In part, this was because total soil depths were underestimated in the AAS results compared with the active depths from the measured data. Active depths are strongly related to vegetation type.

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Deep drainage and water use of forests and pastures grown on deep sands in a Mediterranean environment

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Soils Characteristics of The Bassendean and Spearwood Sands of the Gnangara Mound (Western Australia) and their Controls On Recharge, Water Level Patterns and Solutes of The Superficial Aquifer

Soils Characteristics of The Bassendean and Spearwood Sands of the Gnangara Mound (Western Australia) and their Controls On Recharge, Water Level Patterns and Solutes of The Superficial Aquifer

Increasing Soil Water Retention with Native‐Sourced Mulch Improves Seedling Establishment in Postmine Mediterranean Sandy Soils

Estimating extractable soil moisture content for Australian soils from field measurements

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