Deep fungal and higher bacterial skin infections in Thailand: clinical manifestations and treatment regimens

Mahaisavariya, Punkae; Chaiprasert, Angkana; Sivayathorn, Apichati; Khemngern, Supakan

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00681.x

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…was not found in reports from the United States or South Korea. In Thailand, similar to our data, the most common deep cutaneous fungal infection was chromoblastomycosis caused by F. compactum and C. carrionii . Fonsecaea sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cutaneous manifestations of subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections in tropical regions: a retrospective study from a referral center in southern Taiwan

Tsai

Lee

Wu³

et al. 2017

Int J Dermatology

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Background Deep cutaneous fungal infections, including subcutaneous mycoses and systemic fungal infection with cutaneous involvement, cause significant morbidity and mortality in light of increasing immunocompromised patients and global warming. Although a few studies reviewed deep fungal infections in temperate regions, a relevant study in tropical regions is lacking. We evaluated features of deep cutaneous fungal infections in southern Taiwan among the tropical regions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all histopathological specimens with deep cutaneous fungal infections in a single referral center from 2001 to 2014 and successfully identified 23 cases. Medical chart review revealed patient demographic data, clinical presentation, underlying disease, microbiological culture reports, and treatment outcomes. Results The average patient age was 52 years. Fourteen cases had primary subcutaneous mycoses, and nine had systemic mycoses. Fifteen patients were immunocompromised, including hematological malignancies. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and long‐term steroid use were most commonly associated with deep fungal infections. The positive culture growth rate was 63%. Fonsecaea sp. was most frequently identified by tissue culture. Aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and disseminated cryptococcosis were particularly fatal. Conclusions Diabetes and long‐term steroid use appear as major risk factors for advanced mycoses in this region. Rapid diagnosis with skin biopsy and tissue culture along with appropriate treatment of deep cutaneous fungal infection are necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cutaneous manifestations of subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections in tropical regions: a retrospective study from a referral center in southern Taiwan

Tsai

Lee

Wu³

et al. 2017

Int J Dermatology

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“…Several antibiotics, among these cotrimoxazole, dapsone, streptomycin, trimethoprim (TMP), rifampicin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, have been used and found to be effective. [239404142] In addition, combinations such as netilmicin with cotrimoxazole, amikacin with cotrimoxazole and rifampicin, and meropenem have also been used. In vitro sensitivity of actinomycetes to ciprofloxacin[11] and linezolid[42] has also been demonstrated, but these are currently not used as a first-line therapy.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetoma: An update

et al. 2017

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Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Since the treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory, though difficult. Serological test exists but is not so reliable; however, molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. The disease is notoriously difficult to treat. Eumycetoma may be unresponsive to standard antifungal therapy. Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotic therapy, but prolonged treatment is necessary. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.

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“…Recent taxonomic studies have moved pathogenic species of the genus Cladosporium, including C. carrionii, to the genus Cladophialophora (7). C. carrionii is considered the most important pathogenic species in this genus due to the many cases of illness caused by this fungus worldwide (4,10,12,16,19,20,25). Bronchitis in response to the allergenic mechanism of this fungus has also been reported (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for Identification ofCladophialophora carrionii, a Causative Agent of Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2004

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Cladophialophora carrionii is one of the relatively common causative agents of chromoblastomycosis. We have developed the specific oligonucleotide primer set based on the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA for the rapid identification of this pathogen. PCR with this primer set amplified a 362-bp amplicon from C. carrionii strains. From other relevant dematiaceous species, including medically important dematiaceous fungi, such as Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, and Exophiala dermatitidis, and eight species of medically important yeasts, such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, the primer set did not produce any amplicon. PCR with this primer set may be a useful tool for the identification of C. carrionii.

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Deep fungal and higher bacterial skin infections in Thailand: clinical manifestations and treatment regimens

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Cutaneous manifestations of subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections in tropical regions: a retrospective study from a referral center in southern Taiwan

Cutaneous manifestations of subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections in tropical regions: a retrospective study from a referral center in southern Taiwan

Mycetoma: An update

Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for Identification ofCladophialophora carrionii, a Causative Agent of Chromoblastomycosis

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