Deep hydrotreating of middle distillates from crude and shale oils

Landau, Miron V.

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00233-7

Cited by 151 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Sulphates are known to be irreversible poisons for the catalytic converters used for exhaust emission treatment, especially for the NOx trap systems. It is now well established that main sulphur compounds remaining in hydrotreated diesel fuels at sulphur levels of less than 250 wt ppm are almost exclusively substituted dibenzothiophenes [2][3][4][5]. The HDS of such compounds which are among the most refractory sulphur impurities is very sensitive to the presence of other molecules in the feed (even in small amounts), especially heterocyclic nitrogen compounds [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep HDS of Diesel Fuel: Inhibiting Effect of Nitrogen Compounds on the Transformation of the Refractory 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Over a NiMoP/Al2O3 Catalyst

Rabarihoela-Rakotovao

Diehl

Brunet

2008

Catal Lett

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The effect of nitrogen-containing compounds (acridine and 1,4-dimethylcarbazole: 14DMCARB) on the hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (46DMDBT) was studied on a sulfided NiMoP/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in a fixed bed microreactor (340°C, 40 bar). Both nitrogen-containing compounds inhibited the hydrodesulfurization of 46DMDBT. However, the effect of acridine (a basic compound) and mainly its hydrogenated product (presumably 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridine: OHA1) was much more significant than the effect of 14DMCARB (a non-basic compound). In the presence of acridine, the socalled direct desulfurization pathway (DDS) of the HDS of 46DMDBT was less affected than the hydrogenation pathway (HYD) and was even slightly promoted when the partial pressure of acridine increased (after a strong initial inhibition). This was ascribed to a cocatalytic contribution of the nitrogen-containing compound to the C-S bond cleavage. 14DMCARB had the same inhibiting effect on both pathways (DDS and HYD). We also demonstrated that acridine inhibited the transformation of 14DMCARB and can explain why carbazoles are generally the main nitrogen impurities present in gasole after hydrotreatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep HDS of Diesel Fuel: Inhibiting Effect of Nitrogen Compounds on the Transformation of the Refractory 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Over a NiMoP/Al2O3 Catalyst

Rabarihoela-Rakotovao

Diehl

Brunet

2008

Catal Lett

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“…The nitrogen in shale oils is also present as n-alkyl nitriles, amides, and diazaaromatics 11) , and n-alkyl nitriles are the most abundant in some shale oils 22) . Alkylated anilines are one of the major nitrogen compounds found in coal liquids 24) .…”

Section: Nitrogen Compounds In Scos and Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, deep hydrotreatment of SCO radation observed in fuels during storage and handling, over commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts will require and NOx emissions from fuel combustion. much more severe conditions than those for hydroThe recent high price of crude oil will probably stimtreatment of conventional crude oils 7),10), 11) . ulate the production of unconventional oils based on oil Various approaches are based on combinations of sands 3) , oil shales, and coal 4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Nitrogen Compounds before Deep Hydrotreatment of Synthetic Crude Oils

Narangerel

Sugimoto

2008

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Synthetic crude oils (SCOs) derived from oil shale, coal, and oil sands contain relatively large amounts of heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur, and severe hydrorefining conditions are necessary to convert SCOs into substitute transport fuels. In this study, extraction of nitrogen compounds from SCOs by complex formation with CuCl2.2H2O was carried out and the denitrogenated oils were hydrotreated to explore the effect of nitrogen pre-removal on hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Light gas oil fractions derived from shale oil, coal-derived liquid, and pyrolysis product of Athabasca bitumen were used as feedstocks. Hydrotreatment tests were carried out using a batch-type autoclave and commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst at 350℃ for 2-4 h under H2 initial pressure of 5 MPa. The results showed that basic and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds could be separated efficiently from SCO by complex formation. The pre-removal of nitrogen compounds greatly enhanced the HDN reaction rates and greatly reduced the residual nitrogen content. The recovery of CuCl2.2H2O was also possible by simply washing CH2Cl2 solution containing the complex with water. The proposed method is another option for the conversion of SCO to a high quality feedstock suitable for production of clean diesel fuels.

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“…3 Reaction scheme of HDS of DBT [10] process, 2-methylnaphtalene is previously hydrogenated to 2-methyl tetraline (2MT) and 6-methyl tetraline (6MT). The total hydrogenation of the 2-methylnaphthalene rings conduct to the formation of 2-methyldecaline (2MD) [3,22] (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Hds Of Dibenzothiophenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of them can be refractory and difficult to remove them from crude oil fraction as diesel. So, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, upon combustion, are converted to SO x and NO x which produce the acid rain; while the reduction of aromatic compounds improves combustion characteristics of diesel by increasing the cetane number [1][2][3][4][5]. Much effort has been carried out to eliminate these heteroelements in order to satisfy the environmental regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Individual Reactions of Hydrodesulphurization of Dibenzothiophene and Hydrogenation of 2-Methylnaphthalene on ZnNiMo/γ-Alumina Catalysts

Linares

Fernández

2008

Catal Lett

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A series of ZnNiMo/c-alumina catalysts with variable Zn/(Ni ? Zn) ratio were synthesized. These catalysts were characterized by chemical analysis, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and BET surface area. After that, these catalysts were tested in the individual reactions of hydrodesulphurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and hydrogenation (HYD) of 2-methylnaphthalene (2MN). The results showed an increment of the catalytic activity, for both reactions, when the catalysts were doubly promoted with Ni and Zn in comparison to those mono-promoted catalysts.

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Deep hydrotreating of middle distillates from crude and shale oils

Cited by 151 publications

References 83 publications

Deep HDS of Diesel Fuel: Inhibiting Effect of Nitrogen Compounds on the Transformation of the Refractory 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Over a NiMoP/Al2O3 Catalyst

Deep HDS of Diesel Fuel: Inhibiting Effect of Nitrogen Compounds on the Transformation of the Refractory 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Over a NiMoP/Al2O3 Catalyst

Removal of Nitrogen Compounds before Deep Hydrotreatment of Synthetic Crude Oils

Study of the Individual Reactions of Hydrodesulphurization of Dibenzothiophene and Hydrogenation of 2-Methylnaphthalene on ZnNiMo/γ-Alumina Catalysts

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