Deep intrusions, lateral magma transport and related uplift at ocean island volcanoes

Klügel, Andreas; Longpré, Marc‐Antoine; García-Cañada, Laura; Stix, John

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.031

Cited by 81 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Petrological evidence also supports that subhorizontal transport of magma within the lithosphere is a common process that contributes to the growth of the volcanic edifice and to the location of new eruption vents89. Moreover, dyke intrusions not ending with an eruption have been tracked in different rift systems101112.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Stress barriers controlling lateral migration of magma revealed by seismic tomography

Martı́

Villaseñor

Geyer

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Understanding how monogenetic volcanic systems work requires full comprehension of the local and regional stresses that govern magma migration inside them and why/how they seem to change from one eruption to another. During the 2011–2012 El Hierro eruption (Canary Islands) the characteristics of unrest, including a continuous change in the location of seismicity, made the location of the future vent unpredictable, so short term hazard assessment was highly imprecise. A 3D P-wave velocity model is obtained using arrival times of the earthquakes occurred during that pre-eruptive unrest and several latter post-eruptive seismic crises not related to further eruptions. This model reveals the rheological and structural complexity of the interior of El Hierro volcanic island. It shows a number of stress barriers corresponding to regional tectonic structures and blocked pathways from previous eruptions, which controlled ascent and lateral migration of magma and, together with the existence of N-S regional compression, reduced its options to find a suitable path to reach the surface and erupt.

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mentioning

confidence: 71%

Stress barriers controlling lateral migration of magma revealed by seismic tomography

Martı́

Villaseñor

Geyer

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Their mineral assemblage, sedimentary relicts, and the occurrence of nannofossils showed that these pumice-like rocks were of sedimentary origin and entrained by the ascending magma3037. Intense seismicity at the level of the sub-island sedimentary strata prior to the eruption coupled with surface deformation patterns that indicate inflation at this depth level383940 may be interpreted as magma-driven fracturing, i.e. magmatic stoping.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erupted frothy xenoliths may explain lack of country-rock fragments in plutons

Burchardt

Troll

Schmeling

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Magmatic stoping is discussed to be a main mechanism of magma emplacement. As a consequence of stoping, abundant country-rock fragments should occur within, and at the bottom of, magma reservoirs as “xenolith graveyards”, or become assimilated. However, the common absence of sufficient amounts of both xenoliths and crustal contamination have led to intense controversy about the efficiency of stoping. Here, we present new evidence that may explain the absence of abundant country-rock fragments in plutons. We report on vesiculated crustal xenoliths in volcanic rocks that experienced devolatilisation during heating and partial melting when entrained in magma. We hypothesise that the consequential inflation and density decrease of the xenoliths allowed them to rise and become erupted instead of being preserved in the plutonic record. Our thermomechanical simulations of this process demonstrate that early-stage xenolith sinking can be followed by the rise of a heated, partially-molten xenolith towards the top of the reservoir. There, remnants may disintegrate and mix with resident magma or erupt. Shallow-crustal plutons emplaced into hydrous country rocks may therefore not necessarily contain evidence of the true amount of magmatic stoping during their emplacement. Further studies are needed to quantify the importance of frothy xenolith in removing stoped material.

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“…This is clearly indicated by the petrology and geochemistry of magmas from monogenetic eruptions, which evidence certain degree of differentiation in most cases and occasional assimilation of crustal rocks that occurred at different depths (Thirlwall et al, 2000;Klügel et al, 2005;Stroncik et al, 2009;Valentine and Hirano, 2010;Brenna et al, 2011;Rowe et al, 2011;Hernando et al, 2014;Albert et al, 2015Albert et al, , 2016Klugel et al, 2015). These intermediate reservoir zones, which will normally be located at rheological or structural discontinuities inside the lithosphere, do not need to be stable or permanent along the whole history of the volcanic field.…”

Section: Sheet Intrusions and Magma Overpressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Controls of Monogenetic Volcanism: A Review

et al. 2016

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The factors controlling the preparation of volcanic eruptions in monogenetic fields are still poorly understood. The fact that in monogenetic volcanism each eruption has a different vent suggests that volcanic susceptibility has a high degree of randomness, so that accurate forecasting is subjected to a very high uncertainty. Recent studies on monogenetic volcanism reveal how sensitive magma migration is to the existence of changes in the stress field caused by regional and/or local tectonics or rheological contrasts (stratigraphic discontinuities). These stress variations may induce changes in the pattern of further movements of magma, thus conditioning the location of future eruptions. This implies that a precise knowledge of the stress configuration and distribution of rheological and structural discontinuities at crustal level of such volcanic systems would aid in forecasting monogenetic volcanism. This contribution reviews several basic concepts relative to the stress controls of magma transport into the brittle lithosphere, and uses this information to explain how magma migrates inside monogenetic volcanic systems and how it prepares to trigger a new eruption.

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Deep intrusions, lateral magma transport and related uplift at ocean island volcanoes

Cited by 81 publications

References 58 publications

Stress barriers controlling lateral migration of magma revealed by seismic tomography

Stress barriers controlling lateral migration of magma revealed by seismic tomography

Erupted frothy xenoliths may explain lack of country-rock fragments in plutons

Stress Controls of Monogenetic Volcanism: A Review

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