“…In recent years physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [1] emerged as an alternative simple method to solve many problems in computational science and engineering, see, for example [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,4,11,12,13,14,15]. In particular, PINNs do not require meshes and can efficiently solve forward problems and even ill-posed inverse problems, which are otherwise difficult or sometimes even impossible to solve using traditional numerical methods.…”