“…Precision agriculture has automated the detection and identification of tomato leaf disease through the use of numerous artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. These techniques are motivated by the remarkable success of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as the most recent deep learning (DL) techniques and the classic machine learning (ML) algorithms [ 8 , 9 ]. Plant disease classification tasks currently make extensive use of machine vision technology and deep learning (DL) algorithms, particularly those that are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) [ 10 , 11 ].…”