“…SS implementation often requires the use of black-box nonlinear dynamical identification strategies, which uses data collected from the distributed control system [ 11 ] and stored in the historical database. To achieve this aim, machine learning (ML) techniques are mostly used, ranging from Support Vector Regression [ 12 ], Partial Least Square [ 13 ], and classical multilayer perceptrons [ 1 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] to more recent deep architectures, such as deep belief networks [ 9 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) [ 21 , 22 ], and stacked autoencoders [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Bayesian approaches [ 27 ], Gaussian Processes Regression [ 28 ], Extreme Learning Machines [ 29 ], and adaptive methods, [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] are also used.…”