“…CdTe solar cells using P-doped bulk crystals as the absorber layer and exhibiting V OC >1 V have been reported [14], providing strong evidence for the approach. The group-V elements of N, P, As, Sb and Bi substituting on Te sites create single acceptor levels with ionization energies close to 56, 68, 92, and 300 from experimental [15,16,17] and 10, 50, 100, 230 and 300 meV from theoretical studies, respectively [5]. Although the N Te acceptor has the lowest ionization energy, it is practically very difficult to incorporate into II-VI compounds except by using low temperature epitaxy.…”