Deep-red continuous wave top-surface-emitting vertical-cavity AlGaAs superlattice lasers

Lee, Y.H.; Tell, B.; Brown-Goebeler, K.F.; Leibenguth, R. E.; Mattera, V. D.

doi:10.1109/68.76856

Cited by 31 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The VCSEL at the wavelength of 780 nm was demonstrated in 1987 by optical pumping, and a current-injection device was developed in this wavelength range for the first time by Lee et al 66) If we select the Al content x to be 0.14 for Ga 1Àx Al x As, the wavelength can be as short as 780 nm. This is a common wavelength for compact disc lasers.…”

Section: Nm Gaalas/gaas Vcselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution

Iga

2008

jjap

219

112

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The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is becoming a key device in high-speed optical local-area networks (LANs) and even wide-area networks (WANs). This device is also enabling ultraparallel data transfer in equipment and computer systems. In this paper, we will review its physics and the progress of technology covering the spectral band from the infrared to the ultraviolet, by featuring materials, fabrication technology, and performances such as threshold, output power, polarization, modulation and reliability. Lastly, we will touch on its future prospects.

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Section: Nm Gaalas/gaas Vcselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution

Iga

2008

jjap

219

112

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“…Since 1992, VCSELs based on GaAs have been extensively studied and some of 980nm [43], 850nm [44] and 780 [45] nm devices are now commercialized into optical systems. Those VCSEL's can employ almost the same technology which is used in GaAs-based integrated circuits as for cellular phones.…”

Section: Current Technology Of Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor laser in the 21st century

Iga

2001

SPIE Proceedings

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The semiconductor laser has been taking an important role in optoeletronics and IT backbones and will be keeping its position for the coming at least 10 years. There would still be a lot of chances to meet really novel subjects in research and development, e. g. the coverage of full spectral ranges, temperature insensitive operation, ultra-high power capability, frequency control, large scale integration, and so on. In this paper, we like to discuss on the semiconductor laser for tomorrow based upon the experience of founding research of vertical cavity surface emittng laser(VCSEL).

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“…VCSEL research really took off in the mid-to late 1980's when researchers realized that the mirrors could be epitaxially grown in the AlGaAs materials system for devices emitting at a wavelength near 850nm. [2,3,4,5,6] Almost all of the early research and development on VCSELs was carried out at either 850nm or 980nm because that wavelength range combined the wavelength region of interest for fiber optic communications with wavelengths that were the simplest to implement technically. VCSELs for short distance communications such as Local Area Networks (LANs) and Storage Area Networks (SANs) have been in full scale production since the late 1990's [ 7 ] and more than 50 million VCSELs have been shipped by Honeywell/Finisar alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL technology for medical diagnostics and therapeutics

2009

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In the 1990's a new laser technology, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, or VCSELs, emerged and transformed the data communication industry. The combination of performance characteristics, reliability and performance/cost ratio allowed high data rate communication to occur over short distances at a commercially viable price. VCSELs have not been widely used outside of this application space, but with the development of new attributes, such as a wider range of available wavelengths, the demonstration of arrays of VCSELs on a single chip, and a variety of package form factors, VCSELs can have a significant impact on medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.One area of potential application is neurostimulation. Researchers have previously demonstrated the feasibility of using 1850nm light for nerve stimulation. The ability to create an array of VCSELs emitting at this wavelength would allow significantly improved spatial resolution, and multiple parallel channels of stimulation. For instance, 2D arrays of 100 lasers or more can be integrated on a single chip less than 2mm on a side. A second area of interest is non-invasive sensing. Performance attributes such as the narrow spectral width, low power consumption, and packaging flexibility open up new possibilities in non-invasive and/or continuous sensing. This paper will suggest ways in which VCSELs can be implemented within these application areas, and the advantages provided by the unique performance characteristics of the VCSEL. The status of VCSEL technology as a function of available wavelength and array size and form factors will be summarized.

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Deep-red continuous wave top-surface-emitting vertical-cavity AlGaAs superlattice lasers

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution

Semiconductor laser in the 21st century

VCSEL technology for medical diagnostics and therapeutics

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