Deeper into schizotypy and motor performance: Investigating the nature of motor control in a non-psychiatric sample

Roché, Matthew W.; Fowler, Mark L.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.016

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This finding of impaired postural control in SPD is consistent with a large body of literature documenting motor abnormalities in both SPD 16,19,52 and psychometrically defined schizotypy [53][54][55][56] ), as well as in schizophrenia. 1,2,23,26,27 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first examination of postural sway in SPD or any other intermediate phenotype of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Apthorp

Bolbecker

Bartolomeo

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Motor abnormalities are among the most robust findings in schizophrenia, and increasing evidence suggests they are a core feature of the disorder. Postural sway during balance tasks is a highly sensitive probe of sensorimotor systems including the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and motor cortices. Postural sway deficits are present in schizophrenia as well as groups at high risk for psychosis, suggesting altered postural control may be sensitive to the pathophysiological processes associated with risk and expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study examined postural sway performance in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Individuals with SPD have attenuated psychotic symptoms and share genetic risk with schizophrenia but are usually free from antipsychotic medication and other illness confounds, making SPD useful for assessing candidate biomarkers. We measured postural sway using force plates in 27 individuals with SPD, 27 carefully matched controls, and 27 matched patients with schizophrenia. It was predicted that postural sway in the SPD group would fall intermediate to schizophrenia and controls. In all conditions (eyes open and closed, with feet together or apart), the SPD group swayed significantly more than the controls, as measured by path length and sway area. Moreover, the magnitude of the sway deficit was comparable in the SPD and schizophrenia groups. These findings suggest that postural sway measures may represent a sensorimotor biomarker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Apthorp

Bolbecker

Bartolomeo

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Finally, given that SPQ-Magical Thinking was associated with slower targeting times and that females scored higher on SPQ-Magical Thinking than did males, the gender differences in targeting time may be linked with general gender differences in levels of this schizotypal trait. Indeed, the association of higher Magical Thinking with slower targeting time is consistent with previous literature showing that higher positive schizotypy is associated with higher prediction error rates on hand-eye coordination tasks ( Asai et al, 2008 ) and increased dyscontrol in fine motor movements ( Roché et al, 2015 ). These findings may, more generally, reflect the higher levels of sensory and sensorimotor deficits found among individuals on the schizophrenia spectrum ( Javitt and Freedman, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Why iPlay: The Relationships of Autistic and Schizotypal Traits With Patterns of Video Game Use

2022

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Video games are popular and ubiquitous aspects of human culture, but their relationships to psychological and neurophysiological traits have yet to be analyzed in social-evolutionary frameworks. We examined the relationships of video game usage, motivations, and preferences with autistic and schizotypal traits and two aspects of neurophysiology, reaction time and targeting time. Participants completed the Autism Quotient, Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, a Video Game Usage Questionnaire, and two neurophysiological tasks. We tested in particular the hypotheses, motivated by theory and previous work, that: (1) participants with higher autism scores would play video games more, and participants with higher schizotypy scores would play video games less; and (2) autism and positive schizotypy would be associated with opposite patterns of video game use, preferences and motivations. Females, but not males, with higher autism scores played more video games, and exhibited evidence of relatively male-typical video game genre preferences and motivations. By contrast, positive schizotypy was associated with reduced video game use in both genders, for several measures of game use frequency. In line with previous findings, males played video game more than females did overall, preferred action video games, and exhibited faster reaction and targeting times. Females preferred Puzzle and Social Simulation games. Faster reaction and targeting times were associated with gaming motives related to skill development and building behavior. These findings show that gaming use and patterns reflect aspects of psychology, and gender, related to social cognition and imagination, as well as aspects of neurophysiology. More generally, the results suggest that video game use is notably affected by levels of autistic and schizotypal traits, and that video games may provide an evolutionarily novel medium for imaginative play in which immersive play experiences can be decoupled from social interaction.

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“…Those regions have primarily been associated with motor functions, and while there is clear evidence for motor dysfunctions in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (Peralta and Cuesta, 2001; Cuesta et al ., 2018; Hirjak et al ., 2018), there is limited evidence in schizotypy (Roché et al ., 2015). As motor functions were not assessed in this study, we can neither assume nor exclude such an association in our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

2019

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BackgroundSchizotypy, a putative schizophrenia endophenotype, has been associated with brain-structural variations partly overlapping with those in psychotic disorders. Variations in precuneus structure have been repeatedly reported, whereas the involvement of fronto-striatal networks – as in schizophrenia – is less clear. While shared genetic architecture is thought to increase vulnerability to environmental insults, beneficial factors like general intelligence might buffer their effect.MethodsTo further investigate the role of fronto-striatal networks in schizotypy, we examined the relationship of voxel- and surface-based brain morphometry and a measure of schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, with subscores Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, Disorganised) in 115 healthy participants [54 female, mean age (s.d.) = 27.57(8.02)]. We tested intelligence (MWT-B) as a potential moderator.ResultsWe found a positive association of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual with putamen volume (p = 0.040, FWE peak level-corrected), moderated by intelligence: with increasing IQ, the correlation of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual and striatal volume decreased (p = 0.022). SPQ Disorganised was positively correlated with precentral volume (p = 0.013, FWE peak level-corrected). In an exploratory analysis (p < 0.001, uncorrected), SPQ total score was positively associated with gyrification in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus, and SPQ Disorganised was negatively associated with gyrification in the inferior frontal gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings support the role of fronto-striatal networks for schizotypal features in healthy individuals, and suggest that these are influenced by buffering factors like intelligence. We conclude that protective factors, like general cognitive capacity, might attenuate the psychosis risk associated with schizotypy. These results endorse the idea of a continuous nature of schizotypy, mirroring similar findings in schizophrenia.

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Deeper into schizotypy and motor performance: Investigating the nature of motor control in a non-psychiatric sample

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Why iPlay: The Relationships of Autistic and Schizotypal Traits With Patterns of Video Game Use

The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

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