Defect Engineering in Ambipolar Layered Materials for Mode‐Regulable Nociceptor

Abstract

Defect engineering represents a significant approach for atomically thick 2D semiconductor material development to explore the unique material properties and functions. Doping‐induced conversion of conductive polarity is particularly beneficial for optimizing the integration of layered electronics. Here, controllable doping behavior in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) transistor is demonstrated by manipulating its adatom‐vacancy groups. The underlying mechanisms, which originate from reversible adsorption/desorption of oxygen clusters near selenide vacancy defects, are investigated systematically via their dynamic charge transfer characteristics and scanning tunneling microscope analysis. The modulated doping effect allows the PdSe2 transistor to emulate the essential characteristics of photo nociceptor on a device level, including firing signal threshold and sensitization. Interestingly, electrostatic gating, acting as a neuromodulator, can regulate the adaptive modes in nociceptor to improve its adaptability and perceptibility to handle different danger levels. An integrated artificial nociceptor array is also designed to execute unique image processing functions, which suggests a new perspective for extension of the promise of defect engineered 2D electronics in simplified sensory systems toward use in advanced humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors.

Pentagonal 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: PdSe2 and Beyond

“…Engineering defects in pentagonal 2D materials enable some novel devices, such as mode‐regulable nociceptor. Laser irradiation on pentagonal PdSe 2 can modulate the adsorption and desorption of oxygen clusters close to Se vacancies (Figure 4e), [ 146 ] leading to controllable doping behavior in the transistor. The input stimulus from the presynapse is emulated by the laser spikes irradiation and the controllable transconductance acts as the postsynaptic weight.…”

“…f) Flexible plasticity of the pentagonal PdSe 2 transistor-based artificial neural device. Reproduced with permission [146]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH.…”

Recent Advances in Transistor-Based Bionic Perceptual Devices for Artificial Sensory Systems

“…Researchers have made multiple attempts to increase the adaptability of pain receptors based on most mechanoreceptor prototypes, such as the usage of PdSe 2 bipolar transistors with light-induced plasticity, in response to varied real-world dangers. Li et al (2021) developed an artificial mode-regulable nociceptor (MR-nociceptor) based on the reversible photo-induced doping effect of bipolar palladium diselenide (PdSe 2 ) Figure 13B is a schematic diagram of its transistor structure. The nociceptors represent the detected external environmental signals as light stimulus input, and the PCS weights of PdSe 2 channels serve as system action potentials.…”

Defect Healing of Micro/Nanocrystals via the Coordination Competition of Rare Earth in Crystal Engineering

“…Saito et al enhanced the thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Sn single crystals by point defect engineering and Sb doping . Although the properties of crystal materials have been regulated through the defect control, − the defect-healing will be the promising issue, which is beneficial to have a better understanding of defects in crystal engineering.…”