Defect structural characterization of organic polymer layers

Free Volume in C60 Modified PPO Polymer Membranes by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy

“…Changes in the o-Ps lifetime and intensity have also been observed for C 60 in solution . Strongly reduced Ps formation was observed in polymers in the presence of fullerene containing phenyl-[6,6]-C 61 -buteric acid methyl ester (PCBM) molecules . Positron annihilation inside C 60 in K 6 C 60 has been reported by Ito et al; however, the electronic structure inside the cage leads to an even shorter lifetime below 200 ps.…”

“…19 Strongly reduced Ps formation was observed in polymers in the presence of fullerene containing phenyl- [6,6]-C 61 -buteric acid methyl ester (PCBM) molecules. 20 Positron annihilation inside C 60 in K 6 C 60 has been reported by Ito et al; 21 however, the electronic structure inside the cage leads to an even shorter lifetime below 200 ps. Free volume measurements in pure PPO from positron lifetime spectroscopy have already been reported in the literature 22,23 and are used for comparison here.…”

Isolating the Effect of Torsional Defects on Mobility and Band Gap in Conjugated Polymers

“…Despite all of this research, the role of particular molecular defects, which underlie much of the processing-mobility connection, remains largely unknown. , On the basis of experimental data on devices comparing, for example, as-prepared with annealed polymer films, it is believed that defects negatively affect performance. Most studies invoke direct current detection methods to probe bulk properties, which blur the components contributing to the overall mobility; generally, these approaches identify the most limiting kinetic process-typically migration between grains.…”

Polymeric nanocomposites containing non-covalently bonded fullerene C60: properties and applications

“…Conditions for the preparation of composites based on polyphenylenevinylene and fullerene C 60 with improved all photovoltaic parameters were specified. 110,111 Impressive improvement in electric and/or optical characteristics was also observed for fullerene-doped polythiophenes, [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] PI, [127][128][129][130][131] and polyaniline. [131][132][133][134][135] Thin films based on polysilane were recommended for use in photodiodes and optical shutdown systems.…”