Defective Antimicrobial Functions of Oral Secretions in the Elderly

Ganguly, R; Stablein, John J.; Rf, Lockey; Shamblin, Patricia B.; Vargas, Lilian

doi:10.1093/infdis/153.1.163

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, the total secretory antibody response, including affinity, avidity and memory (27), and not just antibody levels per se may be more important parameters to consider when relating secretory antibody to protection of mucosal surfaces. An earlier study (12) has shown that salivary antibody functions were altered in elderly subjects where an impairment in the opsonic activity, as demonstrated by reduced phagocytosis of yeast, was observed despite subjects having normal salivaiy IgA immunoglobulin levels. Similarly, using S. mutans glucosyl transferase enzyme as an antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Percival

Marsh

Challacombe

1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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The prevalence of mucosally derived infections appears to increase with age, suggesting dysfunction at the mucosal surfaces. The present investigation was undertaken to examine any age-related changes in secretion rates and concentrations of secretory antibodies in whole and parotid saliva in a healthy adult population. A total of 116 subjects were subdivided into the following age groups: 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years and 80 years and over. Specific immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM antibodies in whole and parotid saliva to Streptococcus mutans (serotype c), Actinomyces viscosus NCTC 10951, and Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgA antibodies to all three organisms examined increased with age in both whole and parotid saliva, whereas IgG antibody levels to S. mutans in whole saliva were significantly decreased with age. IgG antibodies to E. coli in parotid saliva were reduced in older age groups. IgM antibody levels to S. mutans were reduced with age in both secretions, whereas IgM antibodies to A. viscosus were greatest in the oldest age groups. No significant changes with age were observed in salivary IgM antibody levels to E. coli. No significant reduction in the secretion rates of IgA antibodies were observed in parotid or whole saliva, whereas IgG and IgM antibody secretion rates to all three microorganisms were reduced in most age groups in both whole and parotid saliva. The results of this investigation have demonstrated age-related changes with salivary antibodies, but, whereas salivary IgG and IgM antibodies showed decreases, salivary IgA levels generally increased with age. This suggests that the ability to form IgA antibody responses is not impaired with increased age, and that secretion rates and functional properties of antibodies may be as important as concentrations in protection against mucosal infective diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Percival

Marsh

Challacombe

1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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“…2o Also, opsonic activity against a standard preparation of yeast cells was impaired in saliva samples from elderly subjects (mean age 72 years) compared with younger control individuals (mean age 33 years). 21 Work is in progress to compare the host defences in the different age groups in our study. Preliminary results indicate a reduced whole salivary flow but not parotid salivary flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related microbiological changes in the salivary and plaque microflora of healthy adults

Percival

Challacombe²,

Marsh³

1991

Journal of Medical Microbiology

135

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Summary. The effect of age on quantitative or qualitative differences in selected bacteria of dental significance and on the carriage of opportunistic pathogens and transient oral species was determined in 79 healthy, non-denture wearing individuals divided into four age groups : 20-39 years (group A), 40-59 years (group B), 60-79 years (group C) and 2 80 years (group D). Samples of dental plaque and whole saliva were cultured on appropriate selective and non-selective bacteriological media. The total numbers of viable bacteria in saliva, and the prevalence of mutans streptococci in plaque and saliva were similar in all age groups. Similarly, there was no correlation between the numbers of spirochaetes in plaque and age. In contrast, statistically significantly higher mean proportions (p = 0.004), mean loglo viable counts (p = 0.001) and isolation frequencies (p < 0.01) of lactobacilli were found in the saliva of those aged 2 70 years compared to subjects in group A. The isolation frequency (p < 0.05) and proportions (p = 0.056) of .staphylococci in saliva were also higher in those aged 2 70 years. Yeasts were isolated most often and in higher numbers from saliva in those aged 2 80 years and the proportion of yeasts was higher after 60 years of age, but these differences were not significant in comparison with results from individuals in group A. Actinomyces spp. were commonly isolated from plaque, but there was a change, with age, in the ratio of the proportions of A . viscosus and A . naeslundii so that A . viscosus predominated in elderly subjects (groups C and D). The results suggest that genuine age-related changes in the oral microflora can be detected, particularly after the age of 70 years, which are not related to denture-wearing or disease.

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“…Both groups of subjects had "teeth in good repair" but no other clinical details were given. In a study of 12 elderly (mean 72 years of age) subjects with "no detectable inflammation of the mouth" the levels of salivary IgA were elevated compared to younger subjects (mean 33 years of age) but IgG levels were the same in the 6 elderly and four younger subjects wilh detectable IgG (Ganguly et al 1986). In this latter study, the opsonic activity of the saliva from the elderly subjects for Brewers yeast by rat alveolar macrophages was deficient but it was not clear whether this was due to an opsonic deficiency (presumably of IgG) or the presence of an inhibitor of phagocytosis.…”

Section: Immunoglobumns -Iga Igg and Igm In Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 94%

Detection of high‐risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases: laboratory markers from analysis of saliva*

Wilton

Curtis

Gillett

et al. 1989

J Clinic Periodontology

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The use of saliva as a source of components that may identify subjects at risk of developing destructive periodontitis, or provide markers of disease potential or activity, has been reviewed. It was concluded that bacteria, their constituents or products are unlikely to be rewarding and that host-derived salivary factors such as enzymes cannot identify risk, as deficiency states for these do not exist. Secretory IgA, plasma IgA and IgG isotype levels and specific antibodies may be associated with risk, but probably only if levels fall below those which are protective or a specific antibody response is absent. More work is needed to distinguish between monomeric and dimeric IgA antibodies and to identify IgG antibodies in longitudinal clinical studies. In general, although saliva may prove to be useful as a source of indicators of current disease activity or as a means of assessing responses to treatment, it is unlikely to provide evidence for the existence of risk factors.

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Defective Antimicrobial Functions of Oral Secretions in the Elderly

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Age‐related changes in salivary antibodies to commensal oral and gut biota

Age-related microbiological changes in the salivary and plaque microflora of healthy adults

Detection of high‐risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases: laboratory markers from analysis of saliva*

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