Defence and adaptation mechanisms of the intestinal epithelium upon infection

Iftekhar, Amina; Sigal, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151486

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 148 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The epithelial layer of the human gut consists of goblet cells, columnar cells, paneth cells, endocrine cells, M cells, tuft cells, and epithelial resident intestinal stem cells. These cells are responsible for the differentiation of gut microbiota and secretion of various mucus-containing antimicrobial peptides [25][26][27]. The intestinal barrier contains innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) which reside in the state of hypo-responsiveness in a healthy human gut [28,29].…”

Section: Ibd Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating Treg Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Humanized Mice

Negi

Saini

Tandel

et al. 2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, afflicted in genetically predisposed individuals due to dysregulated immune response directed against constituents of gut flora. The defective immune responses mounted against the regulatory mechanisms amplify and maintain the IBD-induced mucosal inflammation. Therefore, restoring the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immunepathways in the gut may contribute to halting the IBD-associated tissue-damaging immune response. Phenotypic and functional characterization of various immune-suppressive T cells (regulatory T cells; Tregs) over the last decade has been used to optimize the procedures for in vitro expansion of these cells for developing therapeutic interventional strategies. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of action and functional importance of Tregs during the pathogenesis of IBD and modulating the disease induced inflammation as well as role of mouse models including humanized mice repopulated with the human immune system (HIS) to study the IBD. “Humanized” mouse models provide new tools to analyze human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology, and therapy and the role of Tregs in developing interventional strategies against IBD. Overall, humanized mouse models replicate the human conditions and prove a viable tool to study molecular functions of human Tregs to harness their therapeutic potential.

show abstract

Section: Ibd Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating Treg Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Humanized Mice

Negi

Saini

Tandel

et al. 2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is known that the physical barrier is the first line of defense against pathogens invading into the intestine, and gut health level is related to villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia degree ( 33 ). Our previous study indicated that C. perfringens infection can trigger serious villous atrophy and intestinal morphology disruption ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Porcine Clostridium perfringens on Intestinal Barrier, Immunity, and Quantitative Analysis of Intestinal Bacterial Communities in Mice

Jiang

Wen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is one of the main pathogens which can cause a range of histotoxic and enteric diseases in humans or animals (pigs, or broilers). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates these bacteria cause nearly 1 million illnesses in the United States every year. For animal husbandry, necrotizing enteritis caused by C. perfringens can cost the global livestock industry between $2 billion and $6 billion per year. C. perfringens-infected animals can be isolated for its identification and pathology. A suitable animal model is one of the essential conditions for studying the disease pathogenesis. In previous studies, mice have been used as subjects for a variety of Clostridium perfringens toxicity tests. Thus, this study was designed to build a mouse model infected porcine C. perfringens which was isolated from the C.perfringens-infected pigs. A total of 32 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. Control group was orally administrated with PBS (200 μL) on day 0. Low group, Medium group, and High group were gavaged with 200 ul of PBS resuspension containing 8.0 × 107 CFU, 4.0 × 108 CFU, and 2.0 × 109 CFU, respectively. We examined growth performance, immune status, intestinal barrier integrity, apoptosis-related genes expression, and copies of C. perfringens in mice. The results showed that the growth performance declined and intestinal structure was seriously damaged in High group. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in High group compared to other groups. The tight junctions and pro-apoptosis related genes' expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in High group, and high dose caused a disruption of intestinal villi integrity and tissue injury in the jejunum of mice. In addition, the enumerations of C. perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus explained why the gut of High group mice was seriously damaged, because the C. perfringens and Escherichia coli significantly enriched (P < 0.05), and Lactobacillus dramatically decreased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results provide an experimental and theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis and exploring the effects of porcine C. perfringens on mice.

show abstract

“…It is the largest barrier for the organism to separate the internal and external environment, and its structural basis is very important. On the one hand, the mucosal barrier of the intestine is mainly composed of tall‐columned intestinal epithelial cells with microvilli on the surface, which greatly increase the absorption of nutrients such as amino acids, glucose, and inorganic salts by the intestinal villi (Iftekhar & Sigal, 2021). Meanwhile, due to the lateral connections of intestinal epithelial cells, the cells are tightly connected together, forming a mechanical barrier, which has the function of protecting against the invasion of harmful substances (Zhang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Muc2 Protein In Alpaca Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes, mast cells, and goblet cells in the intestine of alpaca

Bai

Wang

et al. 2022

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intestinal diseases in ruminants are frequent and susceptible to invasion by exogenous substances, and the intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defence of the body's immune defence. At present, the study on the structure of intestinal mucosal immune barrier in alpaca is incomplete. Therefore, the alpaca intestines were studied to show the distribution characteristics of intestinal mucosal barrier structure and cells associated with immune system using histology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the intestinal tract of alpaca was composed of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were distributed in mucosal epithelium and glands of the large intestine. Mast cells were distributed in each segment of the intestine, mainly in the intestinal lamina propria, intestinal glands, and duodenal glands around, as well as in the muscularis, and the particles of cytoplasm were obvious. Acidic goblet cells were mainly distributed in the ileal mucosal epithelium and ileal intestinal glands, while sialomucins were mainly expressed in the colon. The cells associated with the immune system in the intestinal mucosa of alpaca play an important role in protecting against foreign microbial invasion and infection, and this result provides a theoretical basis for revealing the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases in alpaca.

show abstract

Defence and adaptation mechanisms of the intestinal epithelium upon infection

Cited by 17 publications

References 148 publications

Translating Treg Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Humanized Mice

Translating Treg Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Humanized Mice

Effect of Porcine Clostridium perfringens on Intestinal Barrier, Immunity, and Quantitative Analysis of Intestinal Bacterial Communities in Mice

Distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes, mast cells, and goblet cells in the intestine of alpaca

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About