Defending Iran

Abstract

Since the 1979 revolution, the ruling establishment of Iran has developed and articulated a defense strategy reflective of the country's Iran-Iraq war experience and its international isolation. Its asymmetrical warfare doctrine, use of irregular forces in military campaigns, deployment of ballistic missiles, use of fast naval vessels to harass and confuse adversaries, and finally development of a sophisticated cyber warfare capability, are all features of this unique defense strategy. Based on a wide range of primary sources in Persian, Arabic and English, Gawdat Bahgat and Anoushiravan Ehteshami offer a detailed and authoritative analysis of Iran's defense strategy. Additionally, this book provides a comparative analysis of the Islamic Republic's capabilities in relation to Israel and Saudi Arabia, its main regional adversaries. Framing Tehran's threat perceptions following the revolution within a wider historical context, this book will facilitate further analytical reflections on the country's changing role in the region, and its relations further afield, with the United States, Europe, Russia and China.

TFP in the Manufacturing Sector: Long-Term Dynamics, Country and Regional Comparative Analysis

“…Over the 1980-2020 period, the average share of manufacturing value added in GDP was about 14% in Iran and Israel, and 16% in Egypt 11 . Moreover, across the three countries, there is a vivid relationship between the armed forces and the industrial sector (Mintz 1985;Swed and Butler 2015;Forozan and Shahi 2017;Sayigh 2019;Bahgat and Ehteshami 2021). The leaders in the MENA region in terms of productivity in the manufacturing sector are Iran, Israel, and Egypt (Figure 10).…”