Defense Mechanisms: Current Approaches to Research and Measurement

Hentschel, Uwe; Draguns, Juris G.; Ehlers, Wolfram; Smith, Gudmund

doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(04)80026-8

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…An additional issue arises from the small effect sizes observed in psychiatric epidemiological studies of severe stressors and mental health: It also will be difficult to replicate such stress levels in a laboratory environment when working with human participants. This issue has been observed in the literature on the mechanisms of psychological defense, in which it is both impractical and unethical to induce high levels of stress or expose individuals to strong negative emotional material (Draguns 2004;Hentschel et al 2004). One way of addressing this issue is to study individuals who tend to display exaggerated responses following exposure to laboratory stressors, such as trait repressors (Boden & Baumeister 1997;Weinberger 1990).…”

Section: Kate Mary Bennett a And Gillian Windle B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Kalisch¹,

Müller²,

2014

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The well-replicated observation that many people maintain mental health despite exposure to severe psychological or physical adversity has ignited interest in the mechanisms that protect against stress-related mental illness. Focusing on resilience rather than pathophysiology in many ways represents a paradigm shift in clinical-psychological and psychiatric research that has great potential for the development of new prevention and treatment strategies. More recently, research into resilience also arrived in the neurobiological community, posing nontrivial questions about ecological validity and translatability. Drawing on concepts and findings from transdiagnostic psychiatry, emotion research, and behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a unified theoretical framework for the neuroscientific study of general resilience mechanisms. The framework is applicable to both animal and human research and supports the design and interpretation of translational studies. The theory emphasizes the causal role of stimulus appraisal (evaluation) processes in the generation of emotional responses, including responses to potential stressors. On this basis, it posits that a positive (non-negative) appraisal style is the key mechanism that protects against the detrimental effects of stress and mediates the effects of other known resilience factors. Appraisal style is shaped by three classes of cognitive processes--positive situation classification, reappraisal, and interference inhibition--that can be investigated at the neural level. Prospects for the future development of resilience research are discussed.

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Section: Kate Mary Bennett a And Gillian Windle B Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Kalisch¹,

Müller²,

2014

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“…Both the seven‐ and the three‐level defence hierarchies were examined in this study. Numerous studies have shown the validity and reliability of the DMRS (Despland, Despars, De Roten, Stigler, & Perry, 2001; Drapeau, De Roten, Perry, & Despland, 2003; Herzoug, Sexton, & Hoglend, 2002; Perry, 2001; Perry et al , 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicians' defences: An empirical study

et al. 2009

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“…Sometimes human beings cannot endure reality and anxiety needs to be warded off. They are an integral part of emotional life and can be maladaptive or healthy (Hentschel et al . 2004).…”

Section: Ego Defence Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Noon Walk on the Asylum Lawn’ (psychoanalytic observations during counselling sessions at an AIDS Clinic)

Jones

2012

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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Defense Mechanisms: Current Approaches to Research and Measurement

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

Clinicians' defences: An empirical study

‘Noon Walk on the Asylum Lawn’ (psychoanalytic observations during counselling sessions at an AIDS Clinic)

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