Defense Mechanisms in Adolescents as a Function of Age, Sex, and Mental Health Status

Feldman, S. Shirley; Araujo, Katy; Steiner, Hans

doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00022

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Subsequent studies using observer ratings to assess defense use among both psychiatric and non-clinic youths defenses, yielded a similar adaptive hierarchy to Vaillant's [6,13]. These results were similar to those of other studies using self-report measures among clinic and nonclinic youths to assess broad range of 21 defenses [14,15]. Finally, in a cross-sectional study of 1,400 youths and 388 adults, a new self-report measure of defense, the REM-71, revealed a 2-factor defense organization across age and gender, extending a continuous developmental trajectory of defenses from age 14 to 89 [5].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…As with older age groups the two factor structure of defenses among elementary age children was not correlated with gender [5,14]. This adds credence to this 2-factor finding, since defense structure, is not considered a proxy for gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The Response Evaluation Measure (REM) has been well established in an adult population as a measure of defenses that is relatively independent of psychopathology. This questionnaire has also been well established for use in adolescents [5,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing Defense Structure in School-Age Children Using the Response Evaluation Measure-71-Youth Version (REM-Y-71)

Araujo

Medic

Yasnovsky

et al. 2006

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study used the Response Evaluation Measure-Youth (REM-Y-71), a self-report measure of 21 defense reactions, among school-age children. Participants were elementary and middle school students (n = 290; grades 3-8; age range: 8-15; mean = 11.73). Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor defense structure consistent with structure among high school and adult samples. The composite REM-Y defense scores for each factor were significant predictors of social desirability, using the Children's Defensiveness Scale (CDS); anxiety, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC); and psychosocial functioning. This study represents the first cross-sectional empirical analysis of overall defense structure and use among children and early adolescents.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing Defense Structure in School-Age Children Using the Response Evaluation Measure-71-Youth Version (REM-Y-71)

Araujo

Medic

Yasnovsky

et al. 2006

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, defense mechanisms are unconscious processes (to avoid anxiety and protect the ego)are activated in threatening situations (Cooper, 1998;Freud, 1936 ) and that can also be seen as indicators of mental health (Feldman, Araujo, & Steiner, 1996). Andrews and colleagues (1989) classifi ed defense mechanisms into three categories: mature (adaptive), neurotic, and immature defense styles (the two latter are maladap-tive).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International studies in time perspective

Paixão¹,

Silva²,

Ortuño³

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Being the first, we hope it to be a milestone in highlighting the effort spent by different psychological approaches to understand the role played by time concepts in individual, group, and organizational development .The Conference was jointly organized by the "Instituto de Psicologia Cognitiva, Desenvolvimento Vocacional e Social" (Institute for Cognitive Psychology, Vocational and Social Development), a R & D unit based at the University of Coimbra, and the "Groupe de Recherche en Psycologie Sociale -GrePS", a R&D unit based at the University of Lyon, France . It was hosted by the Faculty of Psychology and Education of the University of Coimbra (Portugal), the oldest University in Portugal (its foundation goes back to 1290), and an institution for which the notions of a rich past history and future strategic planning constitute the cornerstones of today's concerns . In a moment in time where the past, the present and the future are intensively invested with meaning and intention, researchers coming from all over the world reflected on how time perspectives impact on our lives, from our more proximal to our most distal socio-ecological contexts . It reunited more than 300 participants coming from 42 countries spread all over the 5 continents .During three intense but exciting days, senior and junior researchers exchanged and questioned emerging and well established concepts, reflecting upon diverse and joint projects, and prepared the path for future developments .We can undoubtedly say that the organization of this conference was a timely one, once there has lately been a renewed interest, as well as a series of academic initiatives, dedicated to the understanding of specific aspects of individual, group, and social behavior through the study of its core temporal dimensions .The study of subjective temporality or Time Perspective (TP) has been going on since K . Lewin defined it as "the totality of the individual's view of his psychological future and psychological past existing at a given time" (1951, p . 75), and it has encompassed several topics in various psychological domains . The chapters that are included in this book are a good illustration of the multifaceted focus on the research of subjective time in the psychological science . Taking this diversity into account, the editors opted to organize the contributions into six parts, corresponding to the following broad scientific domains:Part 1 -Time Perspective and human development: adaptive functioning and risk behaviors across the life-span . This part includes 8 chapters presenting the role played by TP, both in the normative developmental path from birth to death and in more deviant patterns of behavioral functioning in childhood, adolescence and adulthood . 0Part 2 -The relationships of personality and affective processes with Time Perspective, includes 4 chapters that address the relations among psychological personality traits and more dynamic affective processes with several subjective temporality dimensions .Part 3 -Time Perspective, health an...

show abstract

“…However, critical tasks of adolescence and young adulthood, including the development of a comfortable identity, the capacity to enjoy intimate relationships, the ability to preserve previously developed senses of autonomy and productivity (10), and the acquisition of more mature defenses against adversity (11) are complex developmental tasks that are generally outside of conscious awareness. Adolescents who retain more immature defenses are at greater risk for long-term psychological impairment (11), and it has been reasonably suggested that patients with medical illnesses who maintain immature defenses are more likely to require increased structure and support in treatment (12). The use of immature defenses needs to be understood as a desperate attempt to cope with, but also to avoid, the consequences of dealing with diabetes in the present.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Quality-of-Life Considerations Into Intensive Diabetes Management Protocols in Adolescents

Golden

1998

Diabetes Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Defense Mechanisms in Adolescents as a Function of Age, Sex, and Mental Health Status

Cited by 71 publications

References 13 publications

Assessing Defense Structure in School-Age Children Using the Response Evaluation Measure-71-Youth Version (REM-Y-71)

Assessing Defense Structure in School-Age Children Using the Response Evaluation Measure-71-Youth Version (REM-Y-71)

International studies in time perspective

Incorporation of Quality-of-Life Considerations Into Intensive Diabetes Management Protocols in Adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About