Defensin gene expression in the cornea

Gottsch, John D.; Li, Q.; Ashraf, Mohammed; O’Brien, Terrence P.; Stark, Walter J.; Liu, S. H.

doi:10.1076/ceyr.17.11.1082.5235

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Under the influence of IL-1a and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, keratocytes synthesize IL-6 and -defensins. 8,9 IL-6 interacts synergistically with IL-1 and perhaps TNF-a.…”

Section: Innate Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune defense at the ocular surface

Akpek

Gottsch

2003

Eye

111

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The ocular surface is constantly exposed to a wide array of microorganisms. The ability of the outer ocular system to recognize pathogens as foreign and eliminate them is critical to retain corneal transparency, hence preservation of sight. Therefore, a combination of mechanical, anatomical, and immunological defense mechanisms has evolved to protect the outer eye. These host defense mechanisms are classified as either a native, nonspecific defense or a specifically acquired immunological defense requiring previous exposure to an antigen and the development of specific immunity. Sightthreatening immunopathology with autologous cell damage also can take place after these reactions. This article discusses the innate and acquired corneal elements of the immune defense at the ocular surface. The relative roles of the various factors contributing to prevention of eye infection remain to be fully defined. Eye (2003) 17, 949-956.

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“…Under the influence of IL-1a and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, keratocytes synthesize IL-6 and -defensins. 8,9 IL-6 interacts synergistically with IL-1 and perhaps TNF-a.…”

Section: Innate Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune defense at the ocular surface

Akpek

Gottsch

2003

Eye

111

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“…In regard to defensins, both ␣ -and ␤ -defensins have been detected, with the primary source of the former being infiltrating neutrophils, whilst the latter are synthesized and secreted by ocular surface epithelial cells. Gottsch et al [92] detected ␣ -defensins HNP-1 to -3 in human corneal stroma in cases of rejected transplants and post-infectious kera- titis but not normal cornea. Haynes et al [93,94] also observed positive immunoreactivity for HNP-1 to -3 in inflamed conjunctiva and samples of normal tear film.…”

Section: Amps Present At the Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides at the Ocular Surface

McDermott¹

2008

Ophthalmic Res

113

107

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as defensins and cathelicidins are small peptides with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, several AMPs modulate mammalian cell behaviours including migration, proliferation and cytokine production. This review describes findings from recent studies showing the presence of various AMPs at the human ocular surface and discusses their mechanism of antimicrobial action and potential non-microbicidal roles. Corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells produce β-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37, whereas neutrophils, infiltrating in response to a specific stimulus, supply additional LL-37 as well as α-defensins. In vitro studies suggest that LL-37 and human β-defensin-3 are the most likely to have significant independent antimicrobial activity, while other AMPs may act synergistically to help protect the ocular surface from invading pathogens. Current evidence also supports a role for some AMPs in modulating wound healing responses. Although yet to be brought to fruition, AMPs hold significant potential as therapeutic agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of infection, promotion of wound healing and immune modulation.

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“…Gottsch et al reported that the mRNA and the protein of defensins have not been detected in normal human corneal stroma, but they are readily detectable in the corneal stroma in cases of rejected transplants and post-infectious keratitis. 30 The LPS did not induce the overexpression of antimicrobial peptides in corneal fibroblasts, however BD-1 was constitutively expressed. It has been reported that BD-1 mRNA is constitutively expressed in the cornea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It has been reported that TNFa and IL-1a induce defensin mRNA in keratocytes after 18 hours of treatment. 30 On the other hand in the human corneal epithelial cells, which are the first defence barrier of the cornea, both TLR-2 and TLR-4 have been detected intracellularly, but not at the cell surface, suggesting the possibility that these cells fail to elicit innate immune responses that contribute to an immunosilent environment at the ocular mucosal epithelium. 33 However, Song et al reported that human corneal epithelial cells express CD14 and TLR-4, and that these molecules are overexpressed after induction with Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of CRAMP via PGN-TLR-2 and of -defensin-3 via CpG-ODN-TLR-9 in corneal fibroblasts

Rodríguez‐Martínez¹,

Cancino-Díaz²,

Cancino‐Díaz³

2006

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aims: To search for the induction of the expression of antimicrobial peptides in corneal fibroblasts treated with bacterial components. Methods: RT-PCR was performed to search for mRNAs expression of antimicrobial peptides and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in murine primary cultures of corneal fibroblast (PCCF) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli, peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus, and cytosine-phosphorousguanine oligonucleotide (CpG-ODN). Cellular activation was blocked with anti-TRL antibodies. Results: LPS did not induce expression of antimicrobial peptide in corneal fibroblasts. Cathelin related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and a-defensin 3 were overexpressed in a time and dose dependent manner in corneal fibroblasts treated with peptidoglycan and with CpG-ODN, respectively. CRAMP expression was blocked when PCCF were treated with anti-TLR-2 antibodies. a-Defensin 3 was not expressed in NIH murine corneal fibroblasts (which do not express the TLR-9 molecule) treated with CpG-ODN. Conclusion: Results suggest that corneal fibroblasts, which are the second cellular barrier of the cornea, can play an important part in the innate immunity of the eye via TLR stimulation.

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Defensin gene expression in the cornea

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Immune defense at the ocular surface

Immune defense at the ocular surface

The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides at the Ocular Surface

Expression of CRAMP via PGN-TLR-2 and of -defensin-3 via CpG-ODN-TLR-9 in corneal fibroblasts

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