Deficits in Social Knowledge Following Damage to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

Mah, Linda; Arnold, Mark; Grafman, Jordan

doi:10.1176/jnp.17.1.66

Cited by 62 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Impaired decision making abilities implicates vmPFC functioning and has been specifically linked to patients with vmPFC lesions who demonstrate an inability to reverse a previously learned contingency (Mah et al, 2005). Decision making is supported by the mesial temporal lobes, and impaired decision making is found in adults with mTLE (Bonatti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amygdala is critical for recognition of emotions from facial expressions, and can be activated by subliminally presented facial expressions in typical individuals which increase or decrease in response to the emotional valence of the stimuli (Adolphs, 2001;Whalen et al, 1998). Facial emotional recognition [FER] is a measure of perception of social cues, and a major component of social cognitive abilities that may be related to an inability to produce somatic markers (Adolphs, 2001;Mah, Arnold, & Grafman, 2005). Importantly, neuroimaging findings employing fMRI scanning while study participants are viewing and judging emotional faces, has provided supporting evidence that representations of somatic states are associated with emotion perception (Winston, O'Doherty, & Dolan, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autistic characteristics in adults with epilepsy

Wakeford

Hinvest

Ring

et al. 2014

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autistic characteristics in adults with epilepsy

Wakeford

Hinvest

Ring

et al. 2014

Epilepsy & Behavior

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“…Clinical and experimental studies of patients with prefrontal cortex (PFC) lesions implicate a role for this region in social cognition and behavior, specifically, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) [Bechara et al, 1994;Damasio et al, 1994;Harlow, 1848;Hornak et al, 1996;Mah et al, 2005;Milne and Grafman, 2001;Rolls et al, 1994;Stone et al, 1998]. Recent functional imaging studies of healthy volunteers using social cognitive paradigms corroborate these clinical data [e.g., Mitchell et al, 2002a;Moll et al, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The VMPFC/medial OFC (M-OFC) region is implicated in the execution of over-learned, automatic processes [Koechlin et al, 2002], including processing of emotional and social information [Mah et al, 2005;Mitchell et al, 2002b;Raichle et al, 1994]. We predicted that the VMPFC would be activated while participants made associations consistent with stereotypic attitudes about race and gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of automatic beliefs about gender and race

Knutson¹,

Mah²,

Manly³

et al. 2006

Human Brain Mapping

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148

147

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Functional MRI was used to identify the brain areas underlying automatic beliefs about gender and race, and suppression of those attitudes. Participants (n = 20; 7 females) were scanned at 3 tesla while performing the Implicit Association Test (IAT), an indirect measure of race and gender bias. We hypothesized that ventromedial prefrontal cortex areas (PFC) would mediate gender and racial stereotypic attitudes, and suppression of these beliefs would recruit dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Performance data on the IAT revealed gender and racial biases. Racial bias was correlated with an explicit measure of racism. Results showed activation of anteromedial PFC and rostral ACC while participants implicitly made associations consistent with gender and racial biases. In contrast, associations incongruent with stereotypes recruited DLPFC. Implicit gender bias was correlated with amygdala activation during stereotypic conditions. Results suggest there are dissociable roles for anteromedial and dorsolateral PFC circuits in the activation and inhibition of stereotypic attitudes.

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“…Grafman argues that patients with vmPFC damage have an inability to access social knowledge (Grafman, et al, 1996;Mah, Arnold, & Grafman, 2005). Baron-Cohen and others have proposed that the observed social deficits seen in vmPFC patients are due to damage to the neural circuitry mediating Theory of Mind, or the ability to represent the mental states of others (Baron- Cohen, 1995).…”

Section: Social Behavior In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in human social learning

Croft¹

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Converging evidence suggests a critical role for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in social cognition, but its specific contribution to various aspects of social cognition, including the acquisition and updating of complex social information, is not well understood or documented via a systematic experimental approach. The primary aim of this dissertation is to determine whether the vmPFC is necessary for the integration of complex social information in order to form normal moral and social judgments about people. In the first of two studies presented here, I examined the roles of the vmPFC and the hippocampus in updating one's moral judgment of others. I hypothesized that both the vmPFC and the hippocampus are critical-but in different ways-for updating character judgments in light of new social and moral information. To test this hypothesis, I used a novel moral "updating" task and compared the performances of patients with bilateral vmPFC damage to patients with bilateral hippocampal damage (HC), and brain-damaged comparison (BDC) patients. The results suggest that the vmPFC may attribute emotional salience to moral information, whereas the hippocampus may provide necessary contextual information from which to make appropriate character judgments. In the second study, I specifically examined whether the vmPFC is necessary for the integration of simple versus complex, and social versus nonsocial information in order to form normal judgments about people. I hypothesized that patients with circumscribed damage to the vmPFC would be impaired in integrating complex social information. To test this prediction, I employed a novel decision making task and compared the performances of vmPFC patients with BDC patients, and a group of normal, healthy individuals. I also explored which anatomical sectors within the vmPFC system are responsible for normal social information integration. Going against my predictions, most participants were better at making the best choice when more information was available. On the whole, all groups were more accurate in choosing the regarding the analyses from a social psychology perspective, and Natalie Denburg for graciously helping me recruit normal, healthy participants for my study. I would also like to thank the many people that contributed to my education here at Iowa.

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Deficits in Social Knowledge Following Damage to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

Autistic characteristics in adults with epilepsy

Autistic characteristics in adults with epilepsy

Neural correlates of automatic beliefs about gender and race

Exploring the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in human social learning

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