Defining the condensed phosphates

Markowitz, Meyer M.

doi:10.1021/ed033p36

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The formation of Li20 in the mixtures of Table II is reflected in the disruption on the polyphosphate ions to yield simpler anionic species (30). Thus, x-ray powder patterns of the heated residues from samples 1, 2, and 3 showed the presence of Li4P207 and Li3P04 in samples 1 and 2 and Li3P04 in sample 3; each residue showed a considerable decrease in line intensities attributable to the original condensed phosphate reactant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Thermoanalytical Study of Lithium Chlorate.

Markowitz¹,

Boryta²,

Stewart³

1964

J. Chem. Eng. Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Thermoanalytical Study of Lithium Chlorate.

Markowitz¹,

Boryta²,

Stewart³

1964

J. Chem. Eng. Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The general structural theory and nomenclature of the condensed phosphates have been reviewed by several authors (43,130,196,197,214). The system followed herein is that of Van Wazer and Griffith (214) and Markowitz (130). Thus, the phosphates are defined in terms of their MnO/P2Oe ratio (table 1).…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Earth Phosphates.

Mooney¹,

Michael²

1961

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Non-reactive phosphate includes condensed and organic phosphates. Condensed phosphates (like meta, pyro, and polyphosphate) are multiple orthophosphate molecules joined by an oxygen atom [ 22 ]. Organic phosphates are phosphates bound to organic compounds [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation Increases Biofilm Development in Nanofiltration Membranes Operated with Varying Feed Water Phosphorous Concentrations

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nutrient limitation has been proposed as a biofouling control strategy for membrane systems. However, the impact of permeation on biofilm development under phosphorus-limited and enriched conditions is poorly understood. This study analyzed biofilm development in membrane fouling simulators (MFSs) with and without permeation supplied with water varying dosed phosphorus concentrations (0 and 25 μg P·L−1). The MFSs operated under permeation conditions were run at a constant flux of 15.6 L·m2·h−1 for 4.7 days. Feed channel pressure drop, transmembrane pressure, and flux were used as performance indicators. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and biomass quantification were used to analyze the developed biofilms. The total phosphorus concentration that accumulated on the membrane and spacer was quantified by using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results show that permeation impacts biofilm development depending on nutrient condition with a stronger impact at low P concentration (pressure drop increase: 282%; flux decline: 11%) compared to a higher P condition (pressure drop increase: 206%; flux decline: 2%). The biofilm that developed at 0 μg P·L−1 under permeation conditions resulted in a higher performance decline due to biofilm localization and spread in the MFS. A thicker biofilm developed on the membrane for biofilms grown at 0 μg P·L−1 under permeation conditions, causing a stronger effect on flux decline (11%) compared to non-permeation conditions (5%). The difference in the biofilm thickness on the membrane was attributed to a higher phosphorus concentration in the membrane biofilm under permeation conditions. Permeation has an impact on biofilm development and, therefore, should not be excluded in biofouling studies.

show abstract

Defining the condensed phosphates

Abstract: Examines polyphosphates, metaphosphates, and the length of polyphosphate chains.

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

A Thermoanalytical Study of Lithium Chlorate.

A Thermoanalytical Study of Lithium Chlorate.

Alkaline Earth Phosphates.

Permeation Increases Biofilm Development in Nanofiltration Membranes Operated with Varying Feed Water Phosphorous Concentrations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About