Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)

Hanisch, R. J.; Farris, Alton B.; Greisen, E. W.; Pence, W. D.; Schlesinger, Barry M.; Teuben, Peter; Thompson, R. W.; Warnock, A.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010923

Cited by 197 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…Aimed at interoperability and performance, we chose the FITS binary table format (Cotton et al 1995;Hanisch et al 2001) to store the simulation results. The FITS format is handled by a variety of tools widely used by the astronomical community.…”

Section: Data Format and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

The GalMer database: galaxy mergers in the virtual observatory

Chilingarian

Matteo

Combes³

et al. 2010

A&A

135

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We present the GalMer database, a library of galaxy merger simulations, that has been produced and made available to users by means of tools compatible with the Virtual Observatory (VO) standards adapted specially for this theoretical database. To investigate the physics of galaxy formation through hierarchical merging, it is necessary to simulate galaxy interactions varying a large number of parameters, e.g. morphological types, mass ratios, orbital configurations. On the one hand, these simulations have to be performed in a cosmological context, capable of providing a large number of galaxy pairs, with boundary conditions given by the large-scale simulation. On the other hand, the resolution has to be high enough on galaxy scales, to provide realistic physics. The GalMer database is a library of thousands of simulations of galaxy mergers at moderate spatial resolution and represents a compromise between considering a diverse range of initial conditions and optimising the details of underlying physics. We provide all coordinates and data of simulated particles in FITS binary tables. The main advantages of the database are VO access interfaces and valueadded services that allow users to compare the results of the simulations directly to observations: stellar population modelling, dust extinction, spectra, images, visualisation using dedicated VO tools. The GalMer value-added services can be used as a virtual telescope producing broadband images, 1D spectra, 3D spectral datacubes, thus enhancing the utility of our database to observers. We present several examples of the GalMer database scientific usage obtained by analyzing simulations and modelling their stellar population properties, including: (1) studies of the star formation efficiency in interactions; (2) creation of old counter-rotating components; (3) reshaping metallicity profiles in elliptical galaxies; (4) orbital to internal angular momentum transfer; (5) reproducing observed colour bimodality of galaxies.

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Section: Data Format and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

The GalMer database: galaxy mergers in the virtual observatory

Chilingarian

Matteo

Combes³

et al. 2010

A&A

135

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“…The Fortran 95 code was developed on a Linux system, and was compiled with the GNU Fortran compiler (GFortran, http://gcc.gnu.org/fortran/). The input and output data files are in standard FITS format [Hanisch et al, 2001], which is convenient for the further analyses and data exchanges with other programming languages and software packages. The Fortran 95 code reads and writes the FITS files using the CFITSIO subroutine library [Pence, 1999].…”

Section: Improvements Of the Dbie-nlfff Extrapolation Code For Hinodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28] The Level 0 data (Stokes spectral images of Fe I lines at 630.15 nm and 630.25 nm [Tsuneta et al, 2008]) in Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) format [Cotton et al, 1995;Hanisch et al, 2001] associated with the three The SP instrument uses slit scanning mechanism to obtain Stokes profiles associated with the magnetograms [Tsuneta et al, 2008]. The time period of slit scanning for each of the three magnetograms is 63 min.…”

Section: Sot-sp Photospheric Vector Magnetogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation of the coronal magnetic field using the data obtained by the Hinode satellite

Wang

Yan

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The Hinode satellite can obtain high-quality photospheric vector magnetograms of solar active regions and the simultaneous coronal loop images in soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) bands. In this paper, we continue the work of and apply the newly developed upward boundary integration computational scheme for the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation of the coronal magnetic field to the

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“…In recognition of the need for a single authoritative source on the correct usage of FITS, a formal standard document was prepared with the support of a technical panel of the NASA/Science Office of Standards and Technology (NOST). In 2000, this FITS standard (version 2.0) was approved by the IAUFWG and was published nearly verbatim in Hanisch et al (2001).…”

Section: Forewordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS), version 3.0

Pence

Chiappetti

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et al. 2010

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The Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) has been used by astronomers for over 30 years as a data interchange and archiving format; FITS files are now handled by a wide range of astronomical software packages. Since the FITS format definition document (the "standard") was last printed in this journal in 2001, several new features have been developed and standardized, notably support for 64-bit integers in images and tables, variable-length arrays in tables, and new world coordinate system conventions which provide a mapping from an element in a data array to a physical coordinate on the sky or within a spectrum. The FITS Working Group of the International Astronomical Union has therefore produced this new version 3.0 of the FITS standard, which is provided here in its entirety. In addition to describing the new features in FITS, numerous editorial changes were made to the previous version to clarify and reorganize many of the sections. Also included are some appendices which are not formally part of the standard. The FITS standard is likely to undergo further evolution, in which case the latest version may be found on the FITS Support Office Web site at http://fits.gsfc.nasa.gov/, which also provides many links to FITS-related resources.Key words. instrumentation: miscellaneous -methods: miscellaneous -techniques: miscellaneous -reference systemsstandards -astronomical databases: miscellaneous ForewordSince its inception in the late 1970s, the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) data format has enjoyed wide acceptance in the astronomical community. Indeed, FITS is used as the archival format for most digital archives of astronomical data, FITS is one of the most common run-time file formats for analysis applications, and FITS is seeing continued utility as a component of data formats for the Virtual Observatory. After the initial FITS definition papers appeared (Wells et al. 1981; The FITS standard has evolved in many significant ways during the last decade. In 2005 the IAUFWG approved use of the 64-bit integer data type in FITS images and tables and added support for variable-length arrays within tables. But some of the most significant extensions to FITS did not appear in the standard document per se, but in a series of papers (Greisen & Calabretta 2002;Calabretta & Greisen 2002;Greisen et al. 2006) that described formalisms for the support of world coordinate systems (WCSs), i.e., the mapping from a position in a data array to a physical coordinate system such as a position on the sky or within a spectrum. Although the IAUFWG officially recognized the content of these papers as a part of the standard, they were not formally mentioned in the FITS standard document itself.In late 2006 the IAUFWG appointed a technical panel to address specific ambiguities that had been identified in the standard over the years, to clarify the meaning of some portions of the text, and to consider how to incorporate all the approved elements of the standard into one document. This work was completed by mid-2007, and ...

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Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)

Cited by 197 publications

References 3 publications

The GalMer database: galaxy mergers in the virtual observatory

The GalMer database: galaxy mergers in the virtual observatory

Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation of the coronal magnetic field using the data obtained by the Hinode satellite

Definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS), version 3.0

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