Deformation and Fracture of Ice Under Uniaxial Stress

Hawkes, I.; Mellor, Malcolm

doi:10.1017/s002214300002253x

Cited by 205 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This was, in fact, indicated by observations carried out on this system by Sinha and Frederking [3]. It should be mentioned also that Hawkes and Mellor [30] had TAB L E I I Stress rate, strain rate and effective modulus calculated for a stress of 1 MN m-' at -10' C for two grain sizes and three loading times. Calculations are based on [ Table 11.…”

Section: Transition To True Brittle Failurementioning

confidence: 58%

Constant strain- and stress-rate compressive strength of columnar-grained ice

Sinha

1982

J Mater Sci

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. Science, 17, pp. 785-802, 1982 Constant strain-and stress-rate compressive strength of columnargrained ice Sinha, N. K. On met en relief le fait que la deformation prematuree par fiabilit'e du type "fissures" depend de la rigidite du systbe d'essais et ne doit donc pas Ctre vue cornme une caract'eristique fondamentale. Journal of MaterialsLa notion du module de deformation est proposee pour l'etude du passage de 1'Btat ductile 3 l'etat friable. Unconfined compressive strength of transversely isotropic columnar-grained ice has been investigated for loads applied normal to the longitudinal axis of the columns at the high homologous temperature of 0.96 T , ( T, is the melting temperature) under truly constant strain and stress rates. A closed-loop, servo-hydraulic test system inside a cold room was used. Both the strain-and stress-rate dependences of upper yield stress can be expressed in terms of power laws. The observed strain-rate dependence of strength was found to be numerically the same as the dependence of viscous-flow rate on stress in constant stress creep tests at the same temperature. It is shown that the strain-rate sensitivity of yield strength compares well with previous results (obtained under constant cross-head rates using a conventional machine) only if the average strain rate to yield is used as the independent variable instead of the conventional nominal strain rate. The paper also discusses the strain and time aspects of the tests. It shows interdependence among values for compressive yield strength, strain rate, failure strain and time very similar to the interdependence among the corresponding values in tensile creep failures in metals, alloys and other polycrystalline materials at high temperatures. It is emphasized that the splitting type of brittle-like premature failure depends on the stiffness of the test system and should not be considered to be a fundamental material property. The concept of failure modulus is proposed for examining the ductile to brittle transition. Journal of Materials Science CHAPMAN AND HALL

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Section: Transition To True Brittle Failurementioning

confidence: 58%

Constant strain- and stress-rate compressive strength of columnar-grained ice

Sinha

1982

J Mater Sci

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“…At -10°C, Schulson (1990) found mean measured strengths for clean ice of c. 8 MPa at a strain rate of 10-3 s \ with values ranging from 4.2 to 11.2 MPa. At -7°C, Hawkes & Mellor (1972) found strengths of 8-9 MPa at strain rates of 10-2 s -1 .…”

Section: Strengthmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…There have been many studies that have examined the mechanical behaviour of various types of clean ice in general, and the effect of strain rate on the measured strength of clean ice in particular (e.g., Hawkes & Mellor 1972;Cole 1987;Jones 1997;Schulson 1990;see Schulson 2001 for review). In general terms, at low strain rates, ice exhibits macroscopically ductile behaviour, and the peak stress that can be sustained by the ice (the ductile strength) increases with strain rate.…”

Section: Problem Rationale and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strength parameter is straightforward to measure, is appropriate for analyses of comparative rheological behaviours, and has been used previously in studies of ice rheology (e.g., Hawkes & Mellor 1972;Jones 1997). Experiments were carried out in a portable laboratory located near the ice-sampling site, and in cold rooms c. 30 min by helicopter from the sample site.…”

Section: Sampling and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strain‐rate effects on the strength of debris‐laden glacier ice

Lawson¹,

Elliott

2003

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Medium scale measurements over a distance of 1 to 30 m have been carried out either by measuring directly the change in length between two anchors or reference planes using LVDT's or DCDT's (Goodman et al, 1975;Allan, 1979;Chen and Lee, 1986) or by resistance wire or tape gauge techniques (Warner and Cloud, 1974;Cooper, 1975;Masterson et al, 1979). The former method, utilizing LVDT's, is essentially an extension of the commonly used method of measuring strain in the laboratory tests (Gold, 1958;Hawkes and Mellor, 1972;Traetteberg et al, 1975;Sinha, 1978) whereas the latter method is a larger scale application of the common resistance wire gauges. However, successful use of commercially available smaller size, standard bonded resistance strain gauges in ice is rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%