Deformation mechanisms and energy absorption of polystyrene foams for protective helmets

Landro, Luca Angelo Di; Sala, Giuseppe; Olivieri, D.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(01)00073-3

Cited by 246 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Greater specimen thickness means more mass and hence greater damping, which reduces the acceleration of the impactor and thus the contact forces. Similar behaviour was observed in expanded polystyrene foam [24]. This trend was also detected for all impact energies.…”

Section: Contact Forcesupporting

confidence: 85%

“…From this figure, it can be assumed that specimen thickness has no significant influence on the absorbed energy within the range of impact energies and thicknesses studied. This behaviour differed from that of polymeric foam [24]. These differences can be related to the dissimilar microstructure of foam and cork.…”

Section: Absorbed Energymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Contact force is a relevant parameter in the study of energyabsorption elements [24]. For each test, the contact force as a function of the contact time was recorded.…”

Section: Contact Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic crushing behaviour of agglomerated cork

Sánchez-Sáez

García-Castillo

Barbero

et al. 2015

Materials & Design (1980-2015)

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-For reasons of energy saving and pollution reduction, there is a growing interest in the development of lightweight structures manufactured with materials of natural origin and recyclable. Agglomerated cork is a mixture of natural cork and an organic binder, and can be considered an alternative to polymeric foams used in structural applications with a high capacity of energy absorption. One of these applications involves impact-absorbing elements in vehicles, which are subjected mainly to dynamic compressive loads. In this work, the dynamic crushing behaviour of agglomerated cork was experimentally studied, analysing the influence of the specimen thickness on the energy-absorption capacity, contact force, displacement, and strain. Dynamic crushing tests with specimens of four different thicknesses were performed in a drop-weight tower. An increase in the maximum contact force, displacement, and strain was observed when the impact-energy/thickness ratio increased. For each specimen thickness a linear variation of the maximum displacement and energy absorbed with the impact-energy/thickness ratio was found. It was observed that the energy absorbed by agglomerated cork did not depend on the specimen thickness, but only on the impact energy.

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Section: Contact Forcesupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Absorbed Energymentioning

confidence: 70%

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Dynamic crushing behaviour of agglomerated cork

Sánchez-Sáez

García-Castillo

Barbero

et al. 2015

Materials & Design (1980-2015)

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“…Only two samples of metal were elaborated for this work due to the difficulties to reach a significant amount of filler volume using a manual manufacturing process. Olivieri, 2002). This similarity could be attractive to analyze the possible replacement of EPS, used in construction as filler to reduce weight of precast concrete, with Eco-bricks, after further investigation of the materials and its interaction within a structural element.…”

Section: Recovery Capacity Of the Eco-bricksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Eco-bricks: a sustainable substitute for construction materials

Antico

Wiener

Araya-Letelier

et al. 2017

rdlc

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Eco-bricks, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles filled with mixed inorganic waste, have become a low cost construction material and a valid recycling method to reduce waste disposal in regions where industrial recycling is not yet available. Because Eco-bricks are filled with mixed recovered materials, potential recycling of its constituents is difficult at the end of its life. This study proposes considering Eco-bricks filled with a single inorganic waste material to work as a time capsule, with potential for recovering the filling material when other ways of waste valorization are available within those communities that currently have no better recycling options. This paper develops an experimental characterization of density, filler content (by volume), thermal shrinkage, elastic modulus and deformation recovery capacity using four different filler materials: 1) PET; 2) paper & cardboard; 3) tetrapack; and 4) metal. Overall, Eco-brick's density, thermal shrinkage and elastic modulus are dependent on the filler content. Density and elastic modulus of the proposed Eco-bricks are similar to values of medium-high density expanded polystyrene (EPS) used in nonstructural construction, reason why we suggest that these Eco-bricks might be a sustainable alternative to EPS or other nonstructural construction materials.Key words: Eco-bricks; inorganic solid waste valorization; physical characterization; elastic modulus; nonstructural materials. ResumenLos Eco-ladrillos, botellas de politereftalato de etileno (PET, por sus siglas en inglés) rellenas con residuos inorgánicos, se han convertido en un material de construcción de bajo costo y un método válido de reciclaje para reducir la disposición de basura en regiones donde el reciclaje industrial no está aún disponible. Debido a que los Eco-ladrillos son rellenados con materiales reciclados combinados, se reduce el potencial de reciclaje de sus constituyentes al finalizar su vida útil. Este estudio propone crear Eco-ladrillos rellenados con un solo tipo de deshecho inorgánico para funcionar como cápsulas del tiempo con potencial de recuperar el material de relleno cuando otras formas de valorización de deshechos estén disponibles entre las comunidades que actualmente no tienen mejores opciones de reciclaje. El presente trabajo consiste en una caracterización experimental de densidad, volumen de llenado, contracción térmica, módulo elástico y capacidad de recuperación de su deformación, considerando cuatro materiales de relleno diferentes: a) PET; b) papel & cartón; c) tetrapack; y 4) metal. En general, la densidad, contracción térmica y módulo de elasticidad de los Eco-ladrillos depende del volumen de llenado. La densidad y módulo de elasticidad de los Eco-ladrillos propuestos son similares a los valores de poliestireno expandido (EPS, por sus siglas en inglés) de densidades medias-altas usados en construcción no estructural, razón por lo cual sugerimos que estos Eco-ladrillos pueden ser una alternativa sustentable al EPS u otros materiales de construcción n...

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“…Cellular foams are widely used in energy absorbing applications where it is important to minimise the peak acceleration of the impacting body [1], e.g packaging of fragile goods, protective headgear [2,3] and body garments. This is due to their low volume fraction of solid material and their complex microstructure which allows large degrees of plastic crushing to occur at a fairly constant plateau stress value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%