Deformation of silica aerogel during fluid adsorption

Herman, Tobias; Day, James; Beamish, John

doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.094127

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…19 Another interesting work on aerogels was reported by Herman et al; they used liquid helium as an adsorbent, so that given the low surface tension (c He ¼ 10 mN/m) the forces were much lower and the strain was moderate. 26 Recently, significant progress has been achieved by a team from the Zentrum f€ ur Angewandte Energieforschung Bayern; 37 unlike other groups which assemble in situ dilatometric setups from the scratch, Balzer et al integrated a dilatometric setup into a commercial adsorption instrument. The setup is customized for rod-like samples with length in the centimeter range.…”

Section: Experimental Measurements Of Adsorption-induced Deformatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption-induced deformation of nanoporous materials—A review

Gor

Huber

Bernstein

2017

Applied Physics Reviews

222

214

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When a solid surface accommodates guest molecules, they induce noticeable stresses to the surface and cause its strain. Nanoporous materials have high surface area and, therefore, are very sensitive to this effect called adsorption-induced deformation. In recent years, there has been significant progress in both experimental and theoretical studies of this phenomenon, driven by the development of new materials as well as advanced experimental and modeling techniques. Also, adsorption-induced deformation has been found to manifest in numerous natural and engineering processes, e.g., drying of concrete, water-actuated movement of non-living plant tissues, change of permeation of zeolite membranes, swelling of coal and shale, etc. In this review, we summarize the most recent experimental and theoretical findings on adsorption-induced deformation and present the state-of-the-art picture of thermodynamic and mechanical aspects of this phenomenon. We also reflect on the existing challenges related both to the fundamental understanding of this phenomenon and to selected applications, e.g., in sensing and actuation, and in natural gas recovery and geological CO2 sequestration.

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Section: Experimental Measurements Of Adsorption-induced Deformatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption-induced deformation of nanoporous materials—A review

Gor

Huber

Bernstein

2017

Applied Physics Reviews

222

214

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“…This pressure causes deformation of the pore, and as a result deformation of the porous material as a whole. This effect, known as adsorption-induced deformation has been experimentally observed for various mesoporous materials: Vycor glass [18,19], templated silica [20][21][22], low-k films [23,24], aerogels [25,26], porous gold [27] and pSi [28]. There are two ways to * ggor@princeton.edu measure the adsorption strains experimentally: for materials which can be prepared as macroscopic samples, the dilatometric technique can be used, and the reported strain is the relative change of the length of the sample [18,19,25,27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Elastic response of mesoporous silicon to capillary pressures in the pores

Gor

Bertinetti

Bernstein

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

112

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We study water adsorption-induced deformation of a monolithic, mesoporous silicon membrane traversed by independent channels of ∼8 nm diameter. We focus on the elastic constant associated with the Laplace pressure-induced deformation of the membrane upon capillary condensation, i.e. the pore-load modulus. We perform finite-element method (FEM) simulations of the adsorption-induced deformation of hexagonal and square lattices of cylindrical pores representing the membrane. We find that the pore-load modulus weakly depends on the geometrical arrangement of pores, and can be expressed as a function of porosity. We propose an analytical model which relates the pore-load modulus to the porosity and to the elastic properties of bulk silicon (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio), and provides an excellent agreement with FEM results. We find good agreement between our experimental data and the predictions of the analytical model, with the Young's modulus of the pore walls slightly lower than the bulk value. This model is applicable to a large class of materials with morphologies similar to mesoporous silicon. Moreover, our findings suggest that liquid condensation experiments allow one to elegantly access the elastic constants of a mesoporous medium.Mesoporous silicon (pSi) prepared by electrochemical etching of bulk silicon has been attracting much attention from both fundamental and applied sciences owing to its unique optical, electrical and thermal properties [1][2][3][4][5][6]. While control over mechanical properties of pSi is necessary for its applications, the understanding of its response to mechanical loads is mainly limited to measuring Young's modulus of porous samples [7,8].Since pSi can be prepared as a bulk (monolithic) mesoporous system with parallel, channel-like independent pores, it has been of a particular interest for studies of fluid adsorption [4]. On the one hand, this matrix allows one to study the influence of spatial confinement on the physics and chemistry of liquids [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. On the other hand, it is possible to synthesize composite materials with finely tuned optical and electrical properties by liquid adsorption or infiltration [4,16]. Therefore, exploration of the mechanical properties of silicon relevant to interactions with liquids, the topic of this Letter, is also of high importance.When a fluid is adsorbed in a mesopore, it exerts a pressure on the pore walls, which is typically of the order of 10 7 Pa [17]. This pressure causes deformation of the pore, and as a result deformation of the porous material as a whole. This effect, known as adsorption-induced deformation has been experimentally observed for various mesoporous materials: Vycor glass [18,19], templated silica [20][21][22], low-k films [23,24], aerogels [25,26], porous gold [27] and pSi [28]. There are two ways to * ggor@princeton.edu measure the adsorption strains experimentally: for materials which can be prepared as macroscopic samples, the dilatometric technique can be used, and the reported strain is...

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“…At this stage, the sample annealing is accompanied by shrinking of the sample due to capillary forces. IHC samples shrink up to 10-fold [17], much more than highly porous aerogels (with a porosity of 95-99.5 %) [18,19], and become much denser (the impurity particle density increases up to ~10 21 cm -3 [20]). When the sample become "dry" (no liquid helium in the pores remains), the beaker containing the sample starts to warm up because of heat transfer from the atom source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical spectroscopy and current detection during warm-up and destruction of impurity–helium condensates

Krushinskaya

Boltnev

Bykhalo

et al. 2015

Low Temperature Physics

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New experimental results on detection of optical spectra and ion currents during destruction of impurity-helium condensates (IHCs) have been obtained. It is shown that emission during IHC sample destruction is accompanied by current pulses, pressure peaks and temperature changes. The molecular bands of excimer molecules XeO* are assigned to molecules stabilized in films of molecular nitrogen covering the heavier cores of impurity clusters which form impurity-helium condensates.

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Deformation of silica aerogel during fluid adsorption

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Adsorption-induced deformation of nanoporous materials—A review

Adsorption-induced deformation of nanoporous materials—A review

Elastic response of mesoporous silicon to capillary pressures in the pores

Optical spectroscopy and current detection during warm-up and destruction of impurity–helium condensates

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