Deformities, PCBs, and TCDD-Equivalents in Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) of the Upper Great Lakes 1986–1991: Testing a Cause-Effect Hypothesis

Ludwig, James P.; Kurita-Matsuba, Hiroko; Auman, Heidi J.; Ludwig, Matthew E.; Summer, Cheryl L.; Giesy, John P.; Tillitt, Donald E.; Jones, Paul D.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(96)70948-6

Cited by 80 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Multifactorial contaminants, chromosomal aberrations, infectious agents, and other entities can cause fetal malformations in domestic animals (Rousseaux and Ribble 1988). Environmental pollutants have been linked to the occurrence of conjoined twins in wild species (Ludwig et al 1996). Though harbor seals are commonly used as indicators for contaminant levels throughout the region, our findings do not support that this anomaly was due to any common contaminants.…”

contrasting

confidence: 85%

Conjoined Fetal Twins in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Olson

Gaydos²,

McKlveen³

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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contrasting

confidence: 85%

Conjoined Fetal Twins in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Olson

Gaydos²,

McKlveen³

et al. 2016

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Ludwig et al (1996) ascribed similar lesions in cormorant embryos from the Great Lakes to exposure to planar halogenated compounds. However, Doré Lake is remote from direct industrial discharges, and the concentration of these compounds in cormorant eggs from another Saskatchewan colony, 400 km from Doré Lake, was onesixth of that in cormorant eggs from a Great Lakes colony (Sanderson et al, 1994).…”

Section: Causes Of Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Their Effect on Reproductive Success in Double-Crested Cormorants From Saskatchewan

Kuiken

Leighton

Wobeser

et al. 1999

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The objectives of this study were to describe causes of morbidity and mortality in a breeding colony of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on Doré Lake (Saskatchewan, Canada), and to determine cause-specific mortality rates of juvenile birds. Morbidity and mortality were monitored every third day during the breeding season from 1994 to 1996 from inside a tunnel-and-blind system. Affected eggs and birds were collected for examination and diagnosis. The cause of mortality was determined for 105 eggs, 178 nestlings (Յ4-wk-old), 1393 post-nestling chicks (Ͼ4-wk-old), and 10 adults. The main causes of mortality were infertility or embryonal death, avian predation, displacement of eggs and chicks from the nest, starvation from sibling competition, Newcastle disease, coyote predation, human-induced suffocation, and entrapment. In 49% of the cases, avian predation and displacement from the nest of eggs or nestlings was associated with human disturbance. Thirty-six nestlings, 40 post-nestling chicks, and three adults were examined for the presence of parasites. Contracaecum spiculigerum was found in the proventriculus; Amphimerus elongatus in the liver; Piagetiella incomposita in the gular pouch; Eidmanniella pellucida, Pectinopygus farallonii, and Ceratophyllus lari in the plumage; and Theromyzon sp. in the nasal and oral cavity. Contracaecum spiculigerum was associated with ulcerative gastritis, A. elongatus with multifocal hepatitis and bile duct hyperplasia, and P. incomposita with ulcerative stomatitis, but these lesions were not considered fatal. Other diseases included beak deformity, abnormal rotation of the carpal joint, hypopigmentation, and eye loss. Overall mortality of cormorant chicks between hatching and the end of the breeding season varied from 25 to 48%. The most important causes of mortality were Newcastle disease, which killed 21% of hatched chicks in 1995, sibling competition (maximum 12% in 1994), and coyote predation (2% in 1994).

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“…Thus, data that would have been discarded can provide useful information in a study (note that incidences of incomplete dose-response curves should be reported along with derived TCDD-EQs). These advantages over the ED50 comparison method have increased the popularity of the slope-ratio technique in studies that use the H4IIE cell bioassay (Jones et al, 1993a;Hoke et al, 1994;Ludwig et al, 1996). An alternative technique that also employs a range of dose-response data to estimate relative potencies has been proposed by Villeneuve et al (2000a).…”

Section: F Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of investigations in the Great Lakes has revealed high concentrations of TCDD-EQs in populations of birds inhabiting the Fox River and Green Bay, WI (Tillitt et al, , 1991b(Tillitt et al, , 1992Jones et al, 1993bJones et al, , 1994Ludwig et al, 1996). Where concentrations of TCDD-EQs in birds from both reference and contaminated sites are reported, relative levels of PHHs can be approximated based on mean concentrations.…”

Section: B H4iie Toxic Equivalents (Tcdd-eqs) In Field Studies and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The H4IIE Cell Bioassay as an Indicator of Dioxin-like Chemicals in Wildlife and the Environment

Whyte

Schmitt

Tillitt

2004

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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ABSTRACT:The H4IIE cell bioassay has proven utility as a screening tool for planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs) and structurally similar chemicals accumulated in organisms from the wild. This bioassay has additional applications in hazard assessment of PHH exposed populations. In this review, the toxicological principles, current protocols, performance criteria, and field applications for the assay are described. The H4IIE cell bioassay has several advantages over the analytical measurement of PHHs in environmental samples, but conclusions from studies can be strengthened when both bioassay and analytical chemistry data are presented together. Often, the bioassay results concur with biological effects in organisms and support direct measures of PHHs. For biomonitoring purposes and prioritization of PHH-contaminated environments, the H4IIE bioassay may be faster and less expensive than analytical measurements. The H4IIE cell bioassay can be used in combination with other biomarkers such as in vivo measurements of CYP1A1 induction to help pinpoint the sources and identities of dioxin-like chemicals. The number of studies that measure H4IIE-derived TCDD-EQs continues to increase, resulting in subtle improvements over time. Further experiments are required to determine if TCDD-EQs derived from mammalian cells are adequate predictors of toxicity to non-mammalian species. The H4IIE cell bioassay has been used in over 300 published studies, and its combination of speed, simplicity, and ability to integrate the effects of complex contaminant mixtures makes it a valuable addition to hazard assessment and biomonitoring studies.

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Deformities, PCBs, and TCDD-Equivalents in Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) of the Upper Great Lakes 1986–1991: Testing a Cause-Effect Hypothesis

Cited by 80 publications

References 71 publications

Conjoined Fetal Twins in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Conjoined Fetal Twins in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Their Effect on Reproductive Success in Double-Crested Cormorants From Saskatchewan

The H4IIE Cell Bioassay as an Indicator of Dioxin-like Chemicals in Wildlife and the Environment

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