Degassing of primordial hydrogen and helium as the major energy source for internal terrestrial processes

Abstract

Examples of the mightiest energy releases by great earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and hypotheses providing explanations for them are analyzed along with the results of some recently published researches and visualizations. The emerging conclusions are that the mechanism of the strong earthquake is a chemical explosion; that volcanic eruption is a special type of earthquake wherein the hypocenter rises to the earth-surface; and that there is an association between the seismic-volcanic processes and mantle "fluids" and the lack of energy for mantle plumes. A conceptual system of hypotheses is put forward to explain the conservation of energy during Earth's accretion, its quasi-stable release by primordial H-and He-degassing and of the crucial role of the energy of degassing-comprisingreactions in endogenic processes. Specific mechanisms and chemical processes are proposed for the gas-liquid mantle plumes melting through the solid mantle using heat-energy released in reactions of their metamorphic and chemical transformation under gradual decrease of pressure and temperature; volcanic gases are put forward as energy carriers. 3 He performance as a unique measuring transformer correlative to the internal heat flow was used for calculation of energy release by degassing; it equals to 5.12 Â 10 20 J/yr, an amount of energy five-fold greater than the entire energy loss involved in earthquake and volcanic activity. The hypotheses proposed are objectively testable. ª 2012, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sodom and Gomorrah: Fires Created by Ignition of Combustible Gases by Earthquake-Impelled Thermobaric-Hydrothermal Explosions

“…These may set off exothermic reactions of decomposition of helium compounds, stable only in high-PT conditions (He-H, He-Si, He-Metals, He-O etc. ), and liberation of huge amounts of energy which may trigger a new earthquake "aftershock" [2,3]. It is also well to bear in mind that mud-volcano activity, like every volcano activity world-wide, begins with earthquakes……”

“…403-418]. This description bears no resemblance to mechanical rebounds, but trains of monstrous explosions that uplift continents and trigger volcanic eruptions [2,3].…”

Determining the Epicenter of a Future Short-Focus Earthquake Tens of Hours before Earthquake and Reducing the Magnitude of an Impending Catastrophic Earthquake

“…In this section physical representations of earthquakes are considered, following the conceptual system of hypotheses described by Gilat A. and Vol A. [5] [6] [7].…”

“…• the indicated earthquakes had a relatively small, different concentration of the oxidizer in the foci compared with the concentration of the oxidizer in the foci for earthquakes satisfying formulas (5) and (9); • this scatter of small initial conditions of oxidizer concentration led to a significant increase in the time of the precursor T when the gas diffusion occurred due to the absence of the necessary explosion conditions and to the scatter of points;…”

“…Measurement of mercury flux density before the September 29, 1981 earthquake in Dushanbe (fromFigure 1of[2]). International Journal of Geosciences earthquakes; 3) radio and acoustic noise before the earthquake; 4) diffused glow and ball lightning; 5) completely measureable rise of the ground, before an earthquake; 6) stress cycles associated with earthquakes and changes in groundwater regimes[5].During the Earth's accretion period primordial hydrogen and helium, comprising 98% -99% of the space matter, were trapped and stored in the Earth's core and mantle through endothermic reactions as both solid and liquid solu-tions and chemical compounds. After the planet stabilized, the energy gained by the capture of H and He has been quasi-continuously released by the exothermic reactions of the degassing of the Earth.…”