Degeneration-regeneration as a mechanism contributing to the fast to slow conversion of chronically stimulated fast-twitch rabbit muscle

Maier, Andrea B.; Gambke, Brigitte; Pette, Dirk

doi:10.1007/bf00212544

Cited by 110 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…1 c) is explained by an increase in mean DNA content per gram wet weight at this time point (Table I) (P < 0.005). This increase in DNA content has been observed previously (15) and may reflect endothelial and satellite cell proliferation, changes in connective tissue content, and possibly inflammation (6).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Satellite cell proliferation has been observed to occur in muscle during electrical stimulation and mechanical loading (6,17). Since FGFs are known mitogens for satellite cells in vitro (18), they may function in vivo (8) to induce satellite cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about the mechanisms by which they exert their effects, or about the regulation of expression of these proteins. To examine the potential importance of FGFs to these processes in vivo, we used a rabbit skeletal muscle model of exercise conditioning in which angiogenesis, fast to slow fiber conversion, and satellite cell proliferation are known to occur (4)(5)(6). We looked for temporally associated changes in FGF expression during skeletal muscle conditioning, as muscle FGF content might be expected to change if FGFs are involved in mediating any or all of these events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased expression of fibroblast growth factors in a rabbit skeletal muscle model of exercise conditioning.

Morrow¹,

Kraus²,

Moore³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

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Increased tonic contractile activity from exercise or electrical stimulation induces a variety of changes in skeletal muscle, including vascular growth, myoblast proliferation, and fast to slow fiber type conversion. Little is known about the cellular control of such changes, but pleiotropic biochemical modulators such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) may be involved in this response and thus may be regulated in response to such stimuli. We examined the regulation of FGF expression in an in vivo model of exercise conditioning previously shown to exhibit vascular growth and fast to slow fiber conversion. FGFs were extracted by heparin-affinity chromatography from extensor digitorum longus muscles of adult rabbits subjected to chronic motor nerve stimulation at 10 Hz. Growth factor activity (expressed in growth factor units IGFUsl) of muscle stimulated for 3 and 21 d was assayed by [3Hlthymidine incorporation in 3T3 fibroblasts and compared with that present in the contralateral unstimulated muscle. A small increase in heparin-binding mitogenic activity was observed as early as 3 d of stimulation, and by 21 d mitogenic activity increased significantly when normalized to either wet weight (stimulated, 287±61 GFU/g, unstimulated, 145±39 GFU/g) or to protein (stimulated, 5.3±1.1 GFU/mg; unstimulated,' 2.2±0.6 GFU/ mg) (±SE, P < 0.05). Western analysis demonstrated increased amounts of peptides with immunological identity to acidic and basic FGFs in stimulated muscle. The increase in FGF content observed in this study is synchronous with neovascularization, myoblast proliferation, and fast to slow fiber type conversion previously shown in this model. These results demonstrate that increased expression of FGFs is associated with motor nerve stimulation and increased tonic contractile activity of skeletal muscle, and suggests that these proteins may play a regulatory role in the cellular changes that occur during exercise conditioning. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990. 85:1816-1820.) fibroblast growth factor * skeletal muscle * exercise

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased expression of fibroblast growth factors in a rabbit skeletal muscle model of exercise conditioning.

Morrow¹,

Kraus²,

Moore³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…These experimental procedures cause a transformation of fibre types but are accompanied by transient degeneration/regeneration processes. Artifical stimulation, the method best suited for controlled quantitative variations, may involve a selective loss of 10-20% of the fibres [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite regulation of the mRNAs for parvalbumin and p19/6.8 in myotonic mouse muscle

Kluxen¹,

Schöffl

Berchtold

et al. 1988

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The gene mutation in the mouse, ‘arrested development of rightingresponse’, adr, causes a defect of chloride conductance of the muscle fibre membrane leading to the symptoms of myotonia [Mehrke, G., Brinkmeier, H. and Jockusch, H. (1988) Muscle & Nerve 11, 440‐446]. In fast muscle, the myotonic phenotype is accompanied by a drastic reduction of the Ca2+‐binding protein, parvalbumin. Messenger RNA levels in organs of myotonic (ADR) mice were analysed. In fast muscles of the mutant, in‐vitro‐translatable parvalbumin mRNA was strongly reduced, whereas the mRNA for the slow‐muscle‐specific protein, p19/6.8, was increased. In contrast, the parvalbumin mRNA in thecerebellum was not affected by the adr mutation. A reduction of the two parvalbumin mRNA species (700 and 1100 nucleotides) in ADR fast muscle and unaltered prvalbumin cDNA as a probe. The mRNA level for another Ca2+‐binding protein, calmodulin, was low in muscle and high in the central nervous system but was unaffected by the mutation. When adr/adrmice were fed a diet containing the membrane‐stabilising drug, tocainide, the levels inmuscle of the mRNAs for parvalbumin and p19/6.8 were partially normalised.

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“…These changes under the influence of chronic stimulation are very similar to those in regenerating masticatory muscle innervated by the soleus nerve . Muscle regeneration has also been reported to contribute to the appearance of slow fibers in rabbit fast muscle chronically stimulated via its nerve (Maier et al 1986). …”

Section: Masticatory-to-slow Fiber Transformation Via Muscle Regeneramentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Low-Frequency Stimulation Transforms Cat Masticatory Muscle Fibers into Jaw-Slow Fibers

Kang

Hoh

2011

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SummaryCat masticatory muscle during regeneration expresses masticatory-specific myofibrillar proteins upon innervation by a fast muscle nerve but acquires the jaw-slow phenotype when innervated by a slow muscle nerve. Here, we test the hypothesis that chronic low-frequency stimulation simulating impulses from the slow nerve can result in masticatory-toslow fiber-type transformation. In six cats, the temporalis muscle was continuously stimulated directly at 10 Hz for up to 12 weeks using a stimulator affixed to the skull. Stimulated muscles were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using, among others, monoclonal antibodies against masticatory-specific myosin heavy chain (MyHC), myosin binding protein-C, and tropomyosins. Under the electrodes, stimulation induced muscle regeneration, which generated slow fibers. Deep to the electrodes, at two to three weeks, two distinct populations of masticatory fibers began to express slow MyHC: 1) evenly distributed fibers that completely suppressed masticatory-specific proteins but transiently co-expressed fetal MyHCs, and 2) incompletely transformed fibers that express slow and masticatory but not fetal MyHCs. SDS-PAGE confirmed de novo expression of slow MyHC and β-tropomyosin in the stimulated muscles. We conclude that chronic low-frequency stimulation induces masticatory-to-slow fiber-type conversion. The two populations of transforming masticatory fibers may differ in their mode of activation or lineage of their myogenic cells. (J Histochem Cytochem 59:849-863, 2011)

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Degeneration-regeneration as a mechanism contributing to the fast to slow conversion of chronically stimulated fast-twitch rabbit muscle

Cited by 110 publications

References 22 publications

Increased expression of fibroblast growth factors in a rabbit skeletal muscle model of exercise conditioning.

Increased expression of fibroblast growth factors in a rabbit skeletal muscle model of exercise conditioning.

Opposite regulation of the mRNAs for parvalbumin and p19/6.8 in myotonic mouse muscle

Chronic Low-Frequency Stimulation Transforms Cat Masticatory Muscle Fibers into Jaw-Slow Fibers

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