Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion

Abstract

Biodegradable metals are breaking the current paradigm in biomaterial science to develop only corrosion resistant metals. In particular, metals which consist of trace elements existing in the human body are promising candidates for temporary implant materials. These implants would be temporarily needed to provide mechanical support during the healing process of the injured or pathological tissue. Magnesium and its alloys have been investigated recently by many authors as a suitable biodegradable biomaterial. In this investigative review we would like to summarize the latest achievements and comment on the selection and use, test methods and the approaches to develop and produce magnesium alloys that are intended to perform clinically with an appropriate host response. 1. Introduction 1.1 General: Major recent advances 2. Magnesium and its alloys 2.1. Chemical composition and production process of magnesium 2.1.1. Magnesium alloys 2.1.2. The alloying elements 2.1.3. The production process 2.1.4. The effect of alloying elements 2.2. Experimental test system used in in vivo and in vitro studies 2.2.1. In vivo testing of magnesium alloys 2.2.2. In vitro testing of magnesium alloys 3. Environmental conditions influencing Mg corrosion-in vitro and in vivo 3.1. Effect of the solution and organic content 3.2. Effect of flow and temperature 3.3. Effect of hydrogen diffusion coefficient 4. How to choose the right magnesium alloy? * separate references Click here to view linked References

The Effects of Hydroxyapatite Addition on the Properties of the Mechanically Alloyed and Sintered Mg-RE-Zr Alloy

“…There is a need of new generation Mg-based biomaterials for innovative implants and tissue scaffolds that would enable stimulation of the healing response of injured tissues ( Ref 11,19,21,22). Appropriate alloying is one of the effective measures to adjust the degradation rate as well as mechanical properties of the Mg-type alloy.…”

Cellular response to rare earth mixtures (La and Gd) as components of degradable Mg alloys for medical applications

“…[4][5][6][7] However, the use of Mg as biomaterial is seriously limited due to its fast dissolution rate in the physiological environment. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Consequently, different alloying elements have been introduced for specific reasons and, in most of the cases, corrosion resistance has been improved. [12, 14 16-17].…”

Investigation of Experimental Wound Closure Techniques in Voice Microsurgery

“…There are many reviews on the potential and viability of magnesium as a biomaterial (Pietak, Staiger et al 2006;Witte, Hort et al 2008;Zeng, Dietzel et al 2008). Most of these studies focused on the use of magnesium in orthopaedic implants and bio-absorbable vascular stents, concentrating on improving its mechanical properties by alloying with various elements.…”