Degradation and detoxification of leather tannery effluent by a newly developed bacterial consortium GS-TE1310 for environmental safety

Abstract

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Biodegradation, Decolorization, and Detoxification of Di-Azo Dye Direct Red 81 by Halotolerant, Alkali-Thermo-Tolerant Bacterial Mixed Cultures

“…As the COD and BOD are considered important parameters to evaluate the degree of pollution, their decrease represents biodegradation. In this study, it was found that the untreated effluent containing high COD and TDS might be due to organic matter and salts, while high BOD suggested low dissolved oxygen due to organic matter, as previously described by Saxena, Purchase, Mulla, and Bharagava [ 10 ] and Saxena et al (2020). In this study, the COD decreased by >75%, while the BOD decreased by >90% after decolorization, which suggested biodegradation.…”

“…Therefore, in the current study, upon increasing yeast extract concentrations to 1%, the decolorization increased within 2 h, in agreement with previous studies [ 2 , 28 ]. No visible decolorization was detected among single isolates from mixed cultures ( Figure S2 ), as mixed cultures are known to be superior due to consumption of the produced toxic metabolites by other microorganisms present in the mixed culture [ 10 , 16 , 41 ]. In the current study, the extent of decolorization of the screened mixed cultures was performed in MSM-Y along with sterile and non-sterile real wastewater to test decolorization under real conditions in the industry.…”

“…In this study, the COD decreased by >75%, while the BOD decreased by >90% after decolorization, which suggested biodegradation. Moreover, our results showed that there was efficient removal of phosphates, nitrates, ammonium, total nitrogen, phenols, and bicarbonates and a decrease in total hardness, which might be due to the biotransformation of those chemicals or utilization as nutrients by the mixed cultures [ 10 ].…”

“…Textile and tanning industrial effluents are treated to remove any traces of synthetic azo dyes that might accumulate in the environment, causing phytotoxicity as well as damage to aquatic ecosystems [ 8 ]. Further, these contaminated effluents are released under harsh conditions during industrial processing and are characterized by challenging physicochemical parameters, including high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), high temperature, salts, total suspended and dissolved solids, and alkalinity [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, synthetic azo dyes impose serious health hazards, such as carcinogenicity and mutagenicity [ 11 ].…”

Decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E azo dyes by thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovoransKNG 112

“…Rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the discharge of enormous amounts of waste pollutants (including emerging contaminants) into the environment, which yields more pollution in its turn. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The majority of colored effluents consisting of dyes released to the environment from the textile dyestuff and dyeing industries are escalating problems. 11,12 Azo dyes are the most common colorants used in the textile industry and account more than 50% of the weight used for coloring purposes.…”