Degradation mechanism of glass fiber/vinylester-based composite materials under accelerated and natural aging

Hota, Gangarao; Barker, William; Manalo, Allan

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119462

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thermosetting polymers (such as epoxy, acrylic, vinyl ester resins) are frequently used as adhesives, coatings, matrices for composites: since in all the mentioned applications the materials are outdoor exposed and subject to more or less severe weathering, the possibility to obtain reliable predictions of their long-term performance with accelerated aging procedures represents an asset [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Durability studies appeared in literature on the effects caused on thermosetting matrices for composites by artificial and natural weathering have shown that even in the case of this class of materials it is not possible to obtain an adequate correlation of the test results from natural exposure and accelerated aging procedures.…”

Section: Comparison Between On Field Durability Tests With Accelerated Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Frigione

Rodríguez-Prieto

2021

Polymers

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During their useful life, polymers are subject to degradation processes due to exposure to specific environmental conditions over long times. These processes generally lead to changes, almost always irreversible, of properties and performances of polymers, changes which would be useful to be able to predict in advance. To meet this need, numerous investigations have been focused on the possibility to predict the long-term performance of polymers, if exposed to specific environments, by the so called “accelerated aging” tests. In such procedures, the long-term behavior of polymeric materials is typically predicted by subjecting them to cycles of radiations, temperatures, vapor condensation, and other external agents, at levels well above those found in true conditions in order to accelerate the degradation of polymers: this can produce effects that substantially deviate from those observable under natural exposure. Even following the standard codes, different environmental parameters are often used in the diverse studies, making it difficult to compare different investigations. The correlation of results from accelerated procedures with data collected after natural exposure is still a debated matter. Furthermore, since the environmental conditions are a function of the season and the geographical position, and are also characteristic of the type of exposure area, the environmental parameters to be used in accelerated aging tests should also consider these variables. These and other issues concerning accelerated aging tests applied to polymers are analyzed in the present work. However, bearing in mind the limitations of these practices, they can find useful applications for rating the durability of polymeric materials.

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Section: Comparison Between On Field Durability Tests With Accelerated Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Frigione

Rodríguez-Prieto

2021

Polymers

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“…Furthermore, a significant post-curing phenomenon was found; the maximum reduction in the ultimate load of the GFRP was 27% during the aging period of 730 d in the 20 °C water immersion tests, but at the end of the aging period, the ultimate load reached, or even slightly exceeded, the initial ultimate load. The post-curing phenomenon has also been identified in numerous studies [ 11 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and is attributed to the fact that polymer systems containing styrene polyesters and vinyl esters undergo rapid local homo-polymerization during the curing process, but the composite does not achieve complete curing in a short time, which leads to further curing during the aging period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prediction of Long-Term Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites under Acid-Base and Salt Environments

et al. 2022

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This study investigates the effects of deionized water, seawater, and solutions with various concentrations (5% and 10% by mass) of HCl and NaOH on the physical and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) through aging tests at 20 °C, 50 °C, and 80 °C. The tensile properties of GFRP were assessed by tensile testing at room temperature, and the strain during the tensile process was observed using digital image correlation. Additionally, the degradation mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, and long-term tensile properties were predicted based on the Arrhenius model. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the GFRP decreased by 22%, 71%, and 87% after 56 d of exposure to 5% NaOH solutions at 20 °C, 50 °C, and 80 °C, respectively. The alkaline solutions had a more severe effect on the GFRP than deionized water, seawater, and acidic solutions. The experimental values and Arrhenius model predictions were found to be in good agreement with each other.

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“…The durability prediction methodology in most studies is based on the time shift concept [ 8 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. According to Equation (1), the time shift factor ( TSF ) for two different exposure temperatures

and (

) can be calculated as

…”

Section: Models For Predicting Materials Durability and Service Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some recent studies considering the Arrhenius model and TSF approach for predicting the long-term strength of various FRP are listed in Table 1 . Note that this methodology can be applied for assessment of tensile strength [ 22 , 30 ], interlaminar shear strength [ 23 , 26 , 27 ] or bond strength [ 25 ], under both static and fatigue loadings [ 26 ]. The accelerating temperature effect can also be coupled with other factors, e.g., absorbed water.…”

Section: Models For Predicting Materials Durability and Service Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Environmental Ageing of Polymers and Polymer Composites—Durability Prediction Methods

et al. 2022

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Polymers and polymer composites are negatively impacted by environmental ageing, reducing their service lifetimes. The uncertainty of the material interaction with the environment compromises their superior strength and stiffness. Validation of new composite materials and structures often involves lengthy and expensive testing programs. Therefore, modelling is an affordable alternative that can partly replace extensive testing and thus reduce validation costs. Durability prediction models are often subject to conflicting requirements of versatility and minimum experimental efforts required for their validation. Based on physical observations of composite macroproperties, engineering and phenomenological models provide manageable representations of complex mechanistic models. This review offers a systematised overview of the state-of-the-art models and accelerated testing methodologies for predicting the long-term mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites. Accelerated testing methods for predicting static, creep, and fatig ue lifetime of various polymers and polymer composites under environmental factors’ single or coupled influence are overviewed. Service lifetimes are predicted by means of degradation rate models, superposition principles, and parametrisation techniques. This review is a continuation of the authors’ work on modelling environmental ageing of polymer composites: the first part of the review covered multiscale and modular modelling methods of environmental degradation. The present work is focused on modelling engineering mechanical properties.

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Degradation mechanism of glass fiber/vinylester-based composite materials under accelerated and natural aging

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Prediction of Long-Term Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites under Acid-Base and Salt Environments

Modelling of Environmental Ageing of Polymers and Polymer Composites—Durability Prediction Methods

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