Degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride by peroxymonosulfate activation on natural manganese sand through response surface methodology

Abstract

This study studies the degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride CTC by activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with natural manganese sand NMS . Meanwhile, the NMS was characterized and analyzed by isothermal nitrogen adsorption (BET), X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be induced that NMS material may contain C, O, Al, Si, Fe, Mn, K, and the proportion of each is 6%, 9%, 13%, 34%, 27%, 5%, 6%. Critical parameters, including initial pH value, catalyst dosage and PMS amount, were optimized through response surface methodology. Results indicated that 81.65% of CTC could be degraded under the optimized conditions of PMS amount 2.02g/L, the NMS dosage 0.29g/L and pH 3.87. Also, it shows that NMS is the most powerful of each factor on the degradation e ciency. We proposed the degradation pathways of CTC from the liquid chromatographmass spectrometer (LC-MS) results. Therefore, NMS could be applied as an e cient activator of peroxymonosulfate to purify the water and wastewater.

Spatial Confinement of Co Nanoparticles in N-Doped Carbon Nanorods for Wastewater Purification via CaSO3 Activation

“…As illustrated in Figure S10, the CTC peak disappeared in HR-MS, indicating that CTC molecules were fully degraded into small intermediates over the Co-NCNRs/CaSO 3 system. As shown in Figure S11, nine sorts of degradation intermediates in CTC degradation by Co-NCNRs/CaSO 3 were determined by the Mass library. , Based on control experiments, DFT calculation, various characterization analyses, and previously reported literature, , the mechanism of CTC degradation via the Co-NCNRs/CaSO 3 system is provided in Figure . First, SO 3 2– and CTC were adsorbed at the Co-NCNR surface.…”

“…As shown in Figure S11, nine sorts of degradation intermediates in CTC degradation by Co-NCNRs/CaSO 3 were determined by the Mass library. 84,85 Based on control experiments, DFT calculation, various characterization analyses, and previously reported literature, 69,70 the mechanism of CTC degradation via the Co-NCNRs/CaSO 3 system is provided in •− by a series of free-radical chain reactions. Finally, CTC molecules were degraded, via the attack of various ROS, into small intermediates, CO 2 and H 2 O.…”

Treatment of Winery Wastewater by Combined Almond Skin Coagulant and Sulfate Radicals: Assessment of HSO5− Activators

“…The increase in PMS concentration up to 5 mM showed an increase in COD removal due to the higher generation of SO •− 4 radicals. As the PMS concentration increased to 10 mM, results showed a reduction in COD removal (Figure 4b) due to the excess of PMS in the solution, which competed with the organic matter for the SO •− 4 radicals (Equation ( 11)) [51]. These results are in agreement with the work of Govindan et al [52], who observed that high concentrations of PMS led to the consumption of SO •− 4 radicals, decreasing the degradation of the contaminant pentachlorophenol.…”