Degradation of ionic liquids by Fenton reaction; the effect of anions as counter and background ions

The importance of biodegradation data as part of the design of safer chemicals is presented using ionic liquids (ILs) as a model study. Structural features that promote/impede IL biodegradation, IL design strategies, methods of biodegradation analysis, properties of IL/surfactant derivatives and computational methods of predicting biodegradation are discussed. The importance of metabolite studies as part of biodegradation assays is highlighted. The relevance of applying the lessons learned developing biodegradable ILs to other chemical classes is proposed. A comprehensive appendix of IL biodegradation data published since 2010 (∼300 ILs) has been compiled.

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“…59. 113 Fig. 498% degradation of all 8 of the commercially available ILs was achieved within 72 h, Table 12.…”

Section: Abiotic Degradation -Chemically Induced Degradation In Advanmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biodegradation of ionic liquids – a critical review

2015

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“…Our previous investigations showed that oxidation rate of imidazolium ILs decreased with the lengthening of alkyl side chain in imidazolium cation in other Advanced Oxidation Processes [23,24,29]. In these AOPs the main oxidants were hydroxyl radicals, which also played the main role in oxidation of imidazolium cation at the BDD anode 1 .…”

Section: Degradation Of Heterogeneous Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of BDD thin film electrode for electrochemical decomposition of heterogeneous aromatic compounds

et al. 2012

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Abstract:The aim of the presented study is to investigate the applicability of electrochemical oxidation of aromatic compounds containing heteroatoms, e.g. waste from production of pesticides or pharmaceutics, at a borondoped diamond (BDD) electrode. The BDD electrodes were synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW PE CVD). Investigation of the electrode surface by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the synthesized layer was continuous and formed a densely packed grain structure with an average roughness of less than 0 5 µm. The influence of important electrochemical parameters: current density, kind of reactor, pH or mixing operation, on the efficiency of the oxidation was investigated. The fouling of electrode's surface caused by the deposition of organic material was observed during CV and galvanostatic experiments. At low current density the oxidation rate constant k was low, but the current efficiency was relatively high. The BDD can be used successfully to remove heterogeneous aromatic compounds existing either as molecules or cations. During 4 h of electrolysis 95% of aromatic compounds were electrochemically decomposed to mineral forms. It was observed that the influence of the initial pH on mineralization was marginal. PACS

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“…It has been successfully applied in the treatment of a wide range of organic pollutants (phenols, chlorophenols, nitrophenols, formaldehydes, toluenes, chlorobenzenes, amines or halomethanes [19]) as well as real industrial wastewaters [19,20]. However, so far only few works have been reported dealing with the degradation of ILs by Fenton oxidation [21][22][23] [21]. Those authors did not provide information about the evolution of total organic carbon (TOC) or ecotoxicity of the effluents, which is crucial in order to evaluate the potential application of Fenton oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%