Degradation of low rank coal by Trichoderma atroviride ES11

Silva-Stenico, Maria Estela; Vengadajellum, Caryn J.; Janjua, Hussnain Ahmed; Harrison, Susan T.L.; Burton, Stephanie G.; Cowan, Don A.

doi:10.1007/s10295-007-0242-4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…If correct, this hypothesis would bolster the interpretation that fungal spikes frequently accompany global mass-extinction events such as those observed at the Permian/Triassic and K/Pg boundaries (Vajda and McLoughlin, 2007), and could provide an alternative approach to traditional palynological investigations for identifying the K/Pg boundary fungal spike. However, it is important to point out in this context that Trichoderma is known to metabolize low-grade coal (Holker et al, 1999;Silva-Stenico et al, 2007), so production of Aib by modern fungi should not be ruled out, particularly if the K/Pg boundary is found within coal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for fungal proliferation following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass-extinction event, based on chemostratigraphy in the Raton and Powder River basins, western North America

Berry¹

2020

Acta Palaeobotanica

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The presence of the amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) within Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary clay in the Raton and Powder River basins in Colorado and Wyoming, respectively, has been described as compelling evidence that extraterrestrial Aib survived the high-energy Chicxulub impact. Based on contemporary experiments and simulations, however, it is highly unlikely that extraterrestrial Aib survived the impact, which had peak impact pressures and temperatures in excess of 600 GPa and 10,000 K, respectively. In other words, the amino acid signature of the carbonaceous chondritic asteroid that impacted Chicxulub was undoubtedly destroyed upon impact during formation of the vapor plume or so-called “fireball.” The only organisms known to produce Aib are the suite (more than 30 genera) of cosmopolitan saprotrophic filamentous fungi that include Trichoderma Pers., which has recently been hypothesized to have thrived during the K/Pg mass-extinction event. Therefore it is proposed that the Aib horizon in the K/Pg boundary clay in the Raton and Powder River basins correlates with the K/Pg boundary fungal spike, which thus far has only been observed in New Zealand (Southern Hemisphere). This proposition is based upon superimposing the Aib horizon on the well-known iridium and fern-spore spikes, as its stratigraphic position precisely matches that predicted by the fungal spike. If correct, this hypothesis alters the conventional perspective on the tempo and mode of terrestrial ecosystem recovery in western North America, as the heavily sampled K/Pg boundary section in the Raton Basin was instrumental in shaping the traditional narrative of the rapid recolonization of a denuded landscape by ferns via wind-blown spores in the immediate wake of regional deforestation caused by the K/Pg impact event. Perhaps more importantly, it could present an alternative to traditional palynological approaches for locating the fungal spike in other terrestrial K/Pg boundary sections and could provide additional support for the generalization that global mass-extinction events are frequently accompanied by fungal spikes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for fungal proliferation following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass-extinction event, based on chemostratigraphy in the Raton and Powder River basins, western North America

Berry¹

2020

Acta Palaeobotanica

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“…Solubilization can occur in the natural soil environments and most likely involves alkaline substances, surfactants, and chelators, excreted by ascomycetes and bacteria, and/or a synergistic effect of cellulases and hemicellulases (Holker et al, ; Hofrichter & Fakoussa, ; Valero et al, ). For example, it was reported that some species (e.g., Trichoderma atroviride ) can solubilize humic matter and use it as a sole carbon source (Gramss et al, ; Silva‐Stenico et al, ). Second, this study shows that laccase—most widely distributed phenoloxidase in soils—may possess degradation potential similar to that of VP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ligninolytic Enzymes Laccase and a Versatile Peroxidase of the White‐Rot Fungus Lentinus tigrinus in Biotransformation of Soil Humic Matter: Comparative In Vivo Study

2018

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Soil organic matter (SOM) turnover by ligninolytic fungi is a large-scale process that controls organic carbon geochemistry in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of certain oxidative enzymes (e.g., laccase) in humus degradation remains unclear, as well as the molecular structure and recalcitrance of SOM components. In order to address these questions, the degradation of forest soil humic acid (HA) in the presence of laccase and a versatile peroxidase (VP) has been studied in the liquid culture of Lentinus tigrinus. Contrary to the evolving views on humus structure, we have found that alkali-extractable and acid-insoluble constituents of SOM (HA) contain true macromolecular components, stable in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate but degradable/resynthesizable by oxidative enzymes acting on covalent linkages. The HA degradation in the presence of laccase (high N medium) occurs at slower initial rate than in the presence of VP (low N medium). However, each of the enzymes caused about 60% color loss and almost complete degradation of HA into smaller molecules (gel-filtration data) within 2 weeks of cultivation. Depolymerization of HA in the culture liquid in the presence of laccase was accompanied by polymerization of degradation products on mycelium. Our results show that (1) humus macromolecules are not stable to oxidative enzymes once desorbed from the mineral phase, (2) laccase of Lentinus tigrinus is comparable by its degradation potential to VP, and (3) interfacial secondary synthesis reactions occur during humus decay in the presence of laccase. Our results highlight the important role of laccases in SOM sequestration in soils.

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“…Phanerochaete chrysosporium (NCIM 1197) and Trichoderma viride (NCIM 1060) were obtained from National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, Pune, India. These two fungi were selected for their reported ability to degrade low-rank coal [12,14,17]. The third fungus, Neurospora discreta was previously isolated from a Subabul wood tree and was selected for its ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes and degrade lignin [24,25].…”

Section: Fungal Solubilisation Of Coal Rejectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies on biodegradation of coal wastes are limited, lamentous fungi such as Trichoderma viride and Phanerochaete chrysosporium and certain aerobic bacteria have been shown to degrade lowrank coals such as lignite [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. These microorganisms contain multiple ligninolytic and other oxidative and reductive enzymes that carry out the depolymerisation and bio-solubilisation of the coal structure, which is similar to that of lignin for low-rank coals [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Solubilisation and Subsequent Microbial Methanation of Coal Processing Wastes

Ahmed

Sharma

2021

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Large quantities of rejects from coal processing plants are currently disposed of as waste piles or in ponds and rivers, resulting in environmental concerns including pollution of rivers and ground and surface water contamination. This work investigates for the rst time, a two-stage microbial process for converting coal processing wastes to methane, involving (1) fungal solubilisation of coal rejects and (2) microbial methanation of the solubilised products. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma viride and Neurospora discreta were screened for their ability to solubilise coal rejects. N. discreta was found to be the most suitable candidate based on the extent of bio-solubilisation, laccase activity, and reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Bio-methanation of fungalsolubilised coal rejects was carried out in mesophilic anaerobic reactors with no additional carbon source, using inoculum from an anaerobic food digester. Coal rejects solubilised by N. discreta produced 3 to 6-fold higher methane compared to rejects solubilised by the other two fungi. No methane was produced from untreated coal rejects, demonstrating the importance of the fungal solubilisation stage. A total of 4.1 mmol methane was generated per gram of carbon in 15 days from N. discreta-solubilised coal rejects. This process offers a timely, environment-friendly, and sustainable solution for treatment of coal rejects and the generation of value-added products such as methane and volatile fatty acids.

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Degradation of low rank coal by Trichoderma atroviride ES11

Abstract: Fig. 2Biomass yield and coal degradation for T. atroviride ES11 shake Xask experiments. Fungal mycelia were grown at 28°C in 3% malt extract medium until exponential growth was achieved. This culture was used to inoculate malt extract medium containing coal (10 g l ¡1

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence for fungal proliferation following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass-extinction event, based on chemostratigraphy in the Raton and Powder River basins, western North America

Evidence for fungal proliferation following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass-extinction event, based on chemostratigraphy in the Raton and Powder River basins, western North America

The Role of Ligninolytic Enzymes Laccase and a Versatile Peroxidase of the White‐Rot Fungus Lentinus tigrinus in Biotransformation of Soil Humic Matter: Comparative In Vivo Study

Fungal Solubilisation and Subsequent Microbial Methanation of Coal Processing Wastes

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