Degradation of low rank coal by Trichoderma atroviride ES11

Abstract

A new isolate of Trichoderma atroviride has been shown to grow on low rank coal as the sole carbon source. T. atroviride ES11 degrades approximately 82% of particulate coal (10 g l(-1)) over a period of 21 days with 50% reduction in 6 days. Glucose (5 g l(-1)) as a supplemented carbon source enhanced the coal solubilisation efficiency of T. atroviride ES11, while 10 and 20 g l(-1) glucose decrease coal solubilisation efficiency. Addition of nitrogen [1 g l(-1) (NH(4))(2)SO(4)] to the medium also increased the coal solubilisation efficiency of T. atroviride ES11. Assay results from coal-free and coal-supplemented cultures suggested that several intracellular enzymes are possibly involved in coal depolymerisation processes some of which are constitutive (phenol hydroxylase) and others that were activated or induced in the presence of coal (2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase, 3,4-dihydro phenanthrene-3,4-diol dehydrogenase, 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase, 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxyanthracene dehydrogenase). GC-MS analysis of chloroform extracts obtained from coal degrading T. atroviride ES11 cultures showed the formation of only a limited number of specific compounds (4-hydroxyphenylethanol, 1,2-benzenediol, 2-octenoic acid), strongly suggesting that the intimate association between coal particles and fungal mycelia results in rapid and near-quantitative transfer of coal depolymerisation products into the cell.

Bioaugmentation and biostimulation as strategies for the bioremediation of a burned woodland soil contaminated by toxic hydrocarbons: A comparative study

“…Evx1. Previous studies have shown that certain Trichoderma strains are able to solubilize and even degrade sub-bituminous coal compounds (Silva-Stenico et al, 2007). Moreover, it is worth noting that, when grown on YMA Petri dishes added with dibenzothiophene (DBT) crystals, the fungal strain Evx1 caused the medium to become golden yellow, a reaction ascribable to the formation of 3-hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene (HFBT) an intermediate in the DBT degradation pathway (Bressler and Fedorak, 2001).…”

Fungal colonization and enzyme-mediated metabolism of waste coal by Neosartorya fischeri strain ECCN 84

“…Chief amongst these enzymes is LiP, MnP, and the phenol oxidase, LAC. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Preliminary screening by the culturing of strain ECCN 84 on PDA plates in the presence and absence of substrates for MnP (MnCl 2 ) and LAC (ABTS) indicated a positive response for LAC activity only (data not shown). Consequently, experiments were carried out to confirm the presence of extracellular LAC activity in culture filtrates of ECCN 84 and to determine whether this strain responded to the addition of waste coal by increasing activity of LAC and the results are presented in Fig.…”

Biodepolymerization studies of low rank Indian coals

“…Pseudomonas oleovorans grew faster in the addition of available nitrogen sources (Füchtenbusch and Steinbüchel 1999). Silva-Stenico et al (2007) reported that addition of a nitrogen source such as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 to the medium also increased the coal solubilization efficiency of T. atroviride ES11. …”

“…A new isolate of T. atroviride has been shown to grow on low rank coal as the sole carbon source. T. atroviride ES11 degraded 82% of particulate coal over a period of 21 days with 50% reduction in 6 days (Silva-Stenico et al 2007). Only limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms of coal biosolubilization by fungi (Fakoussa 1981).…”