Degradation of phosphorene in air: understanding at atomic level

Wang, Gaoxue; Slough, William; Pandey, Ravindra; Karna, Shashi P.

doi:10.1088/2053-1583/3/2/025011

Cited by 260 publications

(283 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

269

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Significantly, the exothermic energies Q corresponding to the O 2 dissociation on phosphorene and antimonene are −4.15 and −1.01 eV/O 2 , respectively. Note that the triplet state of O 2 is used to calculate the dissociation energy, and the method has been well confirmed in phosphorene oxidation31. Such smaller exothermic energies strongly support that O 2 are more likely to react with phosphorene than antimonene, evidencing higher air stability of antimonene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unlike the unstable black phosphorous, another two-dimensional group-VA material, antimonene, was recently predicted to exhibit good stability and remarkable physical properties. However, the synthesis of high-quality monolayer or few-layer antimonenes, sparsely reported, has greatly hindered the development of this new field. Here, we report the van der Waals epitaxy growth of few-layer antimonene monocrystalline polygons, their atomical microstructure and stability in ambient condition. The high-quality, few-layer antimonene monocrystalline polygons can be synthesized on various substrates, including flexible ones, via van der Waals epitaxy growth. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the obtained antimonene polygons have buckled rhombohedral atomic structure, consistent with the theoretically predicted most stable β-phase allotrope. The very high stability of antimonenes was observed after aging in air for 30 days. First-principle and molecular dynamics simulation results confirmed that compared with phosphorene, antimonene is less likely to be oxidized and possesses higher thermodynamic stability in oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. Moreover, antimonene polygons show high electrical conductivity up to 104 S m−1 and good optical transparency in the visible light range, promising in transparent conductive electrode applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is theoretically predicted that the exposure of up to 3-5 layers thick BP to ambient light and molecular oxygen leads to the generation of superoxide radicals (where the reaction proceeds at −4.11 eV with respect to the vacuum level), which is further expedited in the presence of H 2 O. 13,[30][31][32][33][34] The generated superoxide radicals are proposed to interact with the BP surface to produce P x O y , resulting in the eventual loss of pristine BP. 10,13 The process of superoxide radical formation cannot be sustained in BP that is beyond 3-5 layers in thickness due to the changes in the band positions in thicker BP flakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of black phosphorus is contingent on UV–blue light exposure

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Layered black phosphorous has recently emerged as a promising candidate for next generation nanoelectronic devices. However, the rapid ambient degradation of mechanically exfoliated black phosphorous poses challenges in its practical implementation in scalable devices. As photo-oxidation has been identified as the main cause of degradation, to-date, the strategies employed to protect black phosphorous have relied upon preventing its exposure to atmospheric oxygen. These strategies inhibit access to the material limiting its use. An understanding of the effect of individual wavelengths of the light spectrum can lead to alternatives that do not require the complete isolation of black phosphorous from ambient environment. Here, we determine the influence of discrete wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to infrared on the degradation of black phosphorous. It is shown that the ultraviolet component of the spectrum is primarily responsible for the deterioration of black phosphorous in ambient conditions. Based on these results, new insights into the degradation mechanism have been generated which will enable the handling and operating of black phosphorous in standard fabrication laboratory environments.

show abstract

“…Notably, using a few layers of phosphorene, researchers have successfully fabricated the field-effect transistor67, which is a desirable device for biodetection and biosensing8910. Simulation and experimental results showed that phosphorene in water is more stable than that in air1112. The good stability of phosphorene in water creates the chances for phosphorene’s applications in biological fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Water on Pristine and Strained Phosphorene: Wetting and Diffusion at Nanoscale

Zhang

Hong

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phosphorene, a newly fabricated two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, has emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications with great potential. Nonetheless, understanding the wetting and diffusive properties of bio-fluids on phosphorene which are of fundamental importance to these applications remains elusive. In this work, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated the structural and dynamic properties of water on both pristine and strained phosphorene. Our simulations indicate that the diffusion of water molecules on the phosphorene surface is anisotropic, with strain-enhanced diffusion clearly present, which arises from strain-induced smoothing of the energy landscape. The contact angle of water droplet on phosphorene exhibits a non-monotonic variation with the transverse strain. The structure of water on transverse stretched phosphorene is demonstrated to be different from that on longitudinal stretched phosphorene. Moreover, the contact angle of water on strained phosphorene is proportional to the quotient of the longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients of the interfacial water. These findings thereby offer helpful insights into the mechanism of the wetting and transport of water at nanoscale, and provide a better foundation for future biomedical applications of phosphorene.

show abstract

Degradation of phosphorene in air: understanding at atomic level

Cited by 260 publications

References 35 publications

Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy

Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy

Degradation of black phosphorus is contingent on UV–blue light exposure

Molecular Structure and Dynamics of Water on Pristine and Strained Phosphorene: Wetting and Diffusion at Nanoscale

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About