Degradation of polymer films

Abstract

In this review paper the current state of research into the physical degradation of polymer films is elucidated. Modern applications of polymer films and the implication of their degradation are discussed. Recent investigations into solid interactions such as abrasion, adhesion, fatigue and other failure modes as well as plasma and photonic interactions are examined. This investigation highlights key degradation mechanisms as well as areas where controversy over these mechanisms lies, and suggests directions for future research.

Polycarbonate/TiO2 nanofibers nanocomposite: Preparation and properties

“…However, there is a reduction on the fracture elongation error of polycarbonate due to the presence of TiO 2 nanofibers and AMS in the polymer matrix. Besides the extra‐large error data of the PC0 elongation at break, it is important to quote that the degradation effect, which was mentioned previously, can induce a loss in ductility of the polymer matrix ; as well as the presence of nanofiber agglomerates and the existence of interfacial voids which can prompt to the failing of the nanocomposite ductility because they are susceptible points to nucleation and propagation of cracks .…”

Surface modification of the laser sintering standard powder polyamide 12 by plasma treatments

“…Besides the formation of new chemical functionalities, powder surface etching and powder discoloration, surface activation by oxygen plasma often leads to increased surface energy and roughness, morphological changes, and enhanced wettability. Surface energy is increased by the formation of immobilized free radicals through the generation of dangling bonds . Immobilized free radicals are reactive and unstable, however have higher kinetic stability and longer lifetimes than mobile, free radicals .…”

“…Studies focused on the plasma treatment of PA12 are concentrated on the bulk material, thin films, or fibers . A significant plasma effect on solid materials is limited to the topmost surface layer, the thickness of which depends on the plasma power and exposure time . Within this surface layer, the chemical structure and properties (e.g., mechanical properties) differ significantly from those of pristine materials or from the bulk .…”

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

“…Conductive polymers used in organic devices and hybrid electrodes, such as nanowire-based and metal grids embedded in a conductive polymer, yellow with exposure to UV and temperature. [187] In terms of chemical stability, cleaning of the substrate before OLED or perovskite cell deposition can cause damage to the transparent electrodes. SnO 2 , ITO, and a-ZnSnO are among the TCOs with the highest chemical stabilities [146] and therefore are fully compatible with industry-based processes to fabricate, e.g., OLED devices.…”