Degradation of Tetracycline on SiO2-TiO2-C Aerogel Photocatalysts under Visible Light

Abstract

SiO2-TiO2-C aerogel photocatalysts with different carbon loadings were synthesized by using sol-gel chemistry. The anatase crystal and nonmetal carbon dopant were introduced during the sol preparation and formed by hydrothermal treatment, which can simultaneously enhance the adsorption ability and visible light photo-activity. A high surface area (759 g cm−3) SiO2-TiO2-C aerogel composite can remove up to 80% tetracycline hydrochloride within 180 min under visible light. The characterization of the gel structures shows that the homogeneous dispersion of O, Si, Ti and C in the skeleton, indicating that hydrothermal synthesis could provide a very feasible way for the preparation of composite materials. n(C):n(Ti) molar ratio of 3.5 gives the best catalytic performance of the hybrid aerogel, and the cyclic test still confirms over 60% degradation activity after seven use cycles. All catalysis reaction followed the pseudo-first-order rate reaction with high correlation coefficient. The electrons and holes in the compound could be effectively restrained with doping proper amount of C, and ESR results indicate that the oxidation process was dominated by the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide radical (•O2−) generated in the system.

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…582 This is ascribed to efficient photogenerated electron separation and transportation and an increase in the active reaction sites. According to Wei et al, 583 an SiO 2 -TiO 2 -C (n C : n Ti mol ratio: 3.5) aerogel composite displayed 80.01% degradation efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride within 180 min under visible light and also retained its high stability and reusability. •O 2 − and •OH were considered as the active species responsible for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.…”

“…Therefore, several approaches have been made to develop a highly efficient approach to remove antibiotics by a photocatalysis approach. 525–662…”