Degradation of Toluene by a Selective Ferrous Ion Activated Persulfate Oxidation Process

Long, Anhua; Yang, Lei; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1021/ie402633n

Cited by 122 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (CV) describes the extent to which the data were dispersed, with lower values giving better reproducibility (Ahmad et al 2005;Sekaran et al 2014). The present CV value (CV=9.55 %) indicated that the variation in the mean value was satisfactory, being within the acceptable range of 0.5-13.5 % (Long et al 2013(Long et al , 2014aSekaran et al 2014). Finally, adequate precision is used to measure the signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Response Surface Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Thus, in the flushing effluents, SO 4 : − may oxidize toluene at a faster rate than it oxidizes straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon surfactants. Indeed, selective oxidation of toluene in SDS flushing effluents was observed in our previous studies (Long et al 2013(Long et al , 2014a. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to optimize toluene removal for SDS recovery in flushing effluents from the electro/Fe 2+ /persulfate process using single-factor tests and response surface methodology (RSM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Direct aqueous injection-gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (DAI-GC/FID) was applied to investigate the concentration of toluene in the surfactant solutions (Kubinec et al 2005;Long et al 2014a). Samples were quantified using a gas chromatograph (GC-14C, Shimadzu) with the following settings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination coefficient (R 2 ) provides a measure of how much variability in the response values can be attributed to the experimental variables and their interactions (Long et al 2014a;Nair and Ahammed 2014). The determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.9951) of the removal efficiency by ANOVA indicated that only 0.49 % of the total variation could not be explained by the quadratic regression model.…”

Section: Response Surface Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, activated persulfate oxidation has emerged as a novel effective remediation technology for the removal of toluene (Do et al 2011;Huang et al 2005;Liang et al 2008Liang et al , 2009. This system generates sulfate radical (SO 4 ion (Fe 2+ ) has the advantages of being inexpensive and nontoxic, and it has been widely applied as a catalyst to effectively activate persulfate (Jiang et al 2013;Kusic et al 2011;Long et al 2014a;Xu et al 2014;Zhao et al 2014). However, some drawbacks are associated with the Fe 2+ /persulfate process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective oxidative degradation of toluene for the recovery of surfactant by an electro/Fe2+/persulfate process

Long

Zhang

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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An electro/Fe(2+)/persulfate process has been conducted for toluene removal from surfactant (SDS) flushing solution, and the pseudo-second-order reaction rate constant (k2 value) of toluene removal has been optimized by a response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that in this process, the reaction between persulfate and externally added Fe(2+) generates sulfate-free radicals, and at the same time, Fe(2+) is electro-regenerated at the cathode by the reduction of Fe(3+). RSM based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) has been applied to analyze the experimental variables, of which the concentrations of persulfate and Fe(2+) showed a positive effect on the rate constant of toluene removal, whereas the concentration of SDS showed a negative effect. The interactions between pairs of variables proved to be significant, such as between SDS, persulfate, and Fe(2+) concentrations. ANOVA results confirmed that the proposed models were accurate and reliable for analysis of the variables of the electro/Fe(2+)/persulfate process. The shapes of the 3D response surfaces and contour plots showed that the SDS, persulfate, and Fe(2+) concentrations substantially affected the k2 value of toluene removal. The results indicated that increasing persulfate or Fe(2+) concentration increased the k2 value, whereas increasing SDS concentration decreased the k2 value. The reaction intermediates have been identified by GC-MS, and a plausible degradation pathway for toluene degradation is proposed.

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Section: Response Surface Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response Surface Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Selective oxidative degradation of toluene for the recovery of surfactant by an electro/Fe2+/persulfate process

Long

Zhang

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Copper/carbon composites from waste printed circuit boards as catalysts for Fenton‐like degradation of Acid Orange 7 enhanced by ultrasound

et al. 2019

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A novel strategy of “waste treating waste” has been implemented in this work. Copper/carbon (Cu/C) composites prepared by the carbonization of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were used for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7). Catalytic degradation of AO7 was conducted by varying carbonization temperatures, catalyst dosage, H2O2 dosage, AO7 concentration, pH values, and anions. Ultrasound significantly improved AO7 degradation, obtaining 93.27% degradation within 90 min. We report that Cu/C composites show good catalytic activity in a broad pH range. Cu/C catalysts were characterized by multitechniques. Cu0 was the main active component for the generation of •OH that was the reactive oxidant for AO7 degradation. The plausible pathway and catalytic mechanism for AO7 degradation were proposed. The unique structure of Cu/C composites gave a combined mechanism of adsorption and catalysis. Cu/C composites showed superior durability for AO7 degradation. Using Cu/C composites as catalysts provides a green approach for wastewater treatment and waste management. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1234–1244, 2019

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A comparative study on the mineralization of waste butyl acetate by electrochemical oxidation via persulphate/hypochlorite and silver (II) reagents using DSA® anodes: Statistical optimization by response surface methodology

Mokhtari

Mohammadi

2023

Can J Chem Eng

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Mediated electrochemical oxidation of butyl acetate (BA) in wastewater was conducted by employing two different techniques based on S2O8−2/ClO− and Ag (II) reagents using commercial Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA)®‐O2 or DSA®‐Cl2 anodes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also engaged to investigate process parameters impacts and their interactions on BA mineralization efficiency and energy consumption. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV–visible, and gas chromatography (GC) analyses confirmed BA mineralization and the optimum removal conditions were then attained for both systems. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis showed that electro‐oxidation by mixed persulphate/hypochlorite oxidants favours the mineralization of BA (99.7%) compared to the Ag (II) technique (96.56%). The higher removal efficiency obtained by S2O8−2/ClO− was achieved in a neutral aquatic medium using DSA®‐Cl2 at a lower current density (CD), temperature, and electrolysis time (pH: 6, CD: 0.1 kA/m2, and time: 60 min) compared to those obtained by Ag (II) ions (pH: ≤3, CD: 1.69 kA/m2, and time: 130 min). The former process occurred under the charge transfer control mechanism at low CDs, whereas at an elevated CD (about 1.0 kA/m2), mass transfer was predominant due to the parasitic oxygen evolution. On the other hand, the latter process was found charge transfer‐controlled at low BA concentrations (≤200 ppm), whereas it turned out mass transfer‐controlled at higher BA concentrations. Comparing the anode type, energy consumption for BA mineralization by S2O8−2/ClO− ions using DSA®‐Cl2 at the optimum conditions was 0.009 kW · h/dm3, which was about three times lower than that of the DSA®‐O2 anode.

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Degradation of Toluene by a Selective Ferrous Ion Activated Persulfate Oxidation Process

Cited by 122 publications

References 47 publications

Selective oxidative degradation of toluene for the recovery of surfactant by an electro/Fe2+/persulfate process

Selective oxidative degradation of toluene for the recovery of surfactant by an electro/Fe2+/persulfate process

Copper/carbon composites from waste printed circuit boards as catalysts for Fenton‐like degradation of Acid Orange 7 enhanced by ultrasound

A comparative study on the mineralization of waste butyl acetate by electrochemical oxidation via persulphate/hypochlorite and silver (II) reagents using DSA® anodes: Statistical optimization by response surface methodology

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