Delafloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles (DFX-AuNPs): An Effective Antibacterial Nano-Formulation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic

Lila, Amr S. Abu; Huwaimel, Bader; Alobaida, Ahmed; Hussain, Talib; Rafi, Zeeshan; Mehmood, Khalid; Abdallah, Marwa H.; Hagbani, Turki Al; Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish; Moin, Afrasim; Ahmed, A.

doi:10.3390/ma15165709

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Thus, the size estimation by DLS is relatively higher than that by TEM. This aspect of the size measurement of gold nanoparticles has been reported in several previous investigations as well [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In fact, one-pot synthesis via antibiotics (without the use of chemical reducing/stabilizing/cross-linking agents) will minimize the probability of any false antibacterial results because of residual chemicals used in the processing of nanoparticles. Several authors have applied an antibiotic-mediated gold nanoparticle synthesis strategy in the recent past [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Interestingly, they have found enhanced potential against pathogenic bacterial strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, cefoxitin successfully mediated the synthesis of stable gold nanoparticles. A similar approach was used for the synthesis of cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, delafloxacin, and vancomycin–gold nanoparticles in the recent past [ 12 , 14 , 15 ]. Interestingly, dual peaks were observed for cefotaxime (260 nm), ceftriaxone (241 nm), delafloxacin (290 nm), and vancomycin (278 nm), and their synthesized gold nanoparticles, at 532 nm, 536 nm, 530 nm, and 524 nm, respectively [ 12 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar approach was used for the synthesis of cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, delafloxacin, and vancomycin–gold nanoparticles in the recent past [ 12 , 14 , 15 ]. Interestingly, dual peaks were observed for cefotaxime (260 nm), ceftriaxone (241 nm), delafloxacin (290 nm), and vancomycin (278 nm), and their synthesized gold nanoparticles, at 532 nm, 536 nm, 530 nm, and 524 nm, respectively [ 12 , 14 , 15 ]. In fact, if the antibiotics were attached to the gold nanoparticles by using EDC, two peaks—one for the antibiotic and one for the gold nanoparticles—were reported [ 17 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can form irreversible pores, disrupt the efflux pump, cause cell membrane disruption, and directly interact with bacterial biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In fact, several authors have used gold nanoparticles as a tool to deliver antibiotics to overcome resistance [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Gold nanoparticles are regarded as an optimal candidate for antibiotic delivery due to their biocompatibility and large ratio of surface area to volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold Nanoparticle-Based Resuscitation of Cefoxitin against Clinical Pathogens: A Nano-Antibiotic Strategy to Overcome Resistance

et al. 2022

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Gold nanoparticles have gained popularity as an effective drug delivery vehicle due to their unique features. In fact, antibiotics transported via gold nanoparticles have significantly enhanced their potency in the recent past. The present study used an approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles in one step with the help of cefoxitin antibiotic as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephalosporin that loses its potential due to modification in the porins (ompK35 and ompK36) of Gram-negative pathogens. Thus, the present study has developed an idea to revive the potential of cefoxitin against clinical Gram-negative pathogens, i.e., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, via applying gold nanoparticles as a delivery tool. Prior to antibacterial activity, characterization of cefoxitin–gold nanoparticles was performed via UV–visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy. A characteristic UV–visible scan peak for gold nanoparticles was observed at 518 nm, ζ potential was estimated as −23.6 ± 1.6, and TEM estimated the size in the range of 2–12 nm. Moreover, cefoxitin loading efficiency on gold nanoparticles was calculated to be 71.92%. The antibacterial assay revealed that cefoxitin, after loading onto the gold nanoparticles, become potent against cefoxitin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and their MIC50 values were estimated as 1.5 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. Here, gold nanoparticles effectively deliver cefoxitin to the resistant pathogens, and convert it from unresponsive to a potent antibiotic. However, to obtain some convincing conclusions on the human relevance, their fate and toxicity need to be evaluated.

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