Delamination analysis and hole quality of hybrid FRP composite using abrasive water jet machining

Thakur, Raju Kumar; Singh, K.K.; Ramkumar, J.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.056

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The parameters and their levels have been chosen carefully from standard literature, which emphasizes the AWJD and machining of the entire spectrum of MFL and polymer composites. 21,[32][33][34][35][36][37]40 A central composite design with five center point (29 experiments) sets were used to assess the F d-top and R a of drilled MFL, as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A charge-coupled device color camera was used to capture 2D/3D images as shown in Figure 6(a). VMS images were digitally examined by adopting Image J software 40 to calculate maximum damaged diameter as shown in Figure 6(b). Finally, the delamination factor was calculated by using equation (1), as given below 41 :

Figure 5.(a) AWJD setup and (b) VMS for drilled-hole capturing.

Figure 6.Measurement of delamination damage of abrasive water jet drilled hole.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric investigation on surface roughness and hole quality of Ti metal hybrid fibers cored laminate (MFL) during abrasive water jet drilling

Rajesh

Rajkumar

Ramraji

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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High-strength environment-friendly metal-fiber laminates (MFLs) are increasingly used for primary structures for various engineering applications. The surface roughness variation and delamination factor of a titanium (Ti) metal-cored basalt/flax fiber laminate were investigated during abrasive water jet drilling (AWJD). The present AWJD investigation is to establish the correlation of four important process independent variables of WJP—water jet pressure, TS—traverse speed, QMFR—abrasive mass flow rate, and SOD—stand-off distance to the delamination factor (Fd-top) and surface roughness (Ra) of drilled hole. Central composite design (CCD) of L29 orthogonal array was used to perform the experimental observations. The statistical approach (ANOVA) was employed to determine the contribution of individual AWJD parameters to drilling operation. It is identified from experimental results that the water jet pressure is the most predominant process parameter and its contribution on Fd-top and Ra were 74.28% and 72.48%, respectively. Increasing the water pressure from low (160 MPa) to its higher range (320 MPa) showed that the surface roughness and delamination factor were reduced irrespective of other drilling parameters. Increased water pressure provides enough kinetic energy for abrasive particles to facilitate a higher penetration potential during the drilling process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show the machining-induced damages like ploughing marks, uncut fibers, ridges, craters, matrix smearing, and delamination on an abrasive water jet drilled surface of prepared MFL.

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Section: Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure 5.(a) AWJD setup and (b) VMS for drilled-hole capturing.

Figure 6.Measurement of delamination damage of abrasive water jet drilled hole.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric investigation on surface roughness and hole quality of Ti metal hybrid fibers cored laminate (MFL) during abrasive water jet drilling

Rajesh

Rajkumar

Ramraji

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Delamination is primarily associated with the FRP composite laminates and develops due to high jet velocity, resulting in splitting of the adjoined plies in the FRP laminates. [ 15 ] Water wedge action is the main reason for the separation of plies. It combines two primary phenomena, i.e., crack origination and cracks propagation.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the impact of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer composite on the hole quality using abrasive water jet drilling

Thakur

Singh

2022

Polymer Composites

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Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are being increasingly used in various industries owing to their low cost, lightweight, and impressive mechanical properties. For the present study, composites were fabricated with various weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), i.e., 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 wt%, which were mixed with epoxy resin of GFRP. Characteristics such as flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and tensile strength of the prepared composites were tested, which established that reinforcement of 0.25 wt% of GNPs ensures optimum properties in the composite. The GNPs, loaded with 0.375 and 0.5 wt% agglomerated, on the other hand, showed interface‐governed failure. The influence of machining factors, such as wt% of GNPs, jet pressure, and traverse rate, were also studied to assess the hole quality of the composite samples, machined by abrasive water jet (AWJ). Subsequently, machining characteristics of the GNPs loaded GFRP composites are explored in detail using AWJ drilling in terms of surface roughness (Ra), kerf angle (KA), and entry and exit delamination factor (DF). The AWJ machining outcomes demonstrated that the incorporation of GNPs significantly influences the machining response of the composites. The Ra, KA, entry, and exit DF of composite laminates reduce with advancement in GNPs loadings. In addition, the surface of the drilled holes was characterized using FESEM analysis.

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“…It is preferable to use abrasive water jets (AWJ). They are often used for hard and brittle materials because they are the most appropriate in terms of cost and give accurate dimensions and do not produce a vacuum that does not create the heat affected zone Therefore, when comparing abrasive water jets (AWJ) with other unconventional processes, it is the most appropriate treatment to obtain the durability, flexibility and clean environment of the polymer hybrid compound [16][17][18][19]. In the GRP compound that was run on an abrasive water jet machine (AWJM), it was found that the stand of distance, pressure, and abrasive flow rate affect the material removal rate, hole precision, surface roughness and fiber direction, where the output parameters were improved by Takauji design procedure in achieving the optimum input parameters [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ceramic Particles Additives on the Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Carbon Fiber/Polymer Composites

Ali

Shihab

Mohamed

2023

Silicon

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Hybrid polymer composites have recently become the interest of the world and their uses are increasing in various applications, especially mechanical, electronic, and other applications. Recently, advanced machining techniques for hybrid polymer composites have been used to solve many problems during machining processes, including the ability to form complex shapes, high performance, better surface features, and high levels of accuracy. Among many machining processes, Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) has attracted the attention of many researchers and engineers in many industries. In this study, hybrid polymer composites consisting of an epoxy matrix reinforced with six layers of carbon fibers with a fixed percentage (15%) and ceramic particles (SiC and Al2O3) with different weight percentage were prepared by hand lay-up method. Mechanical tests including (tensile test, flexural test, impact and hardness test) were conducted. The results of mechanical tests showed that an improvement in the tensile and flexural properties was of (19.7%) in the tensile strength, (40%) in the modulus of elasticity, )55.26%( in the flexural strength and ) 69.49%( in the flexural modulus, )12%( in the hardness using hybrid polymer constituent (70 wt% Epoxy+15 wt% CF +10 wt% Sic +5 wt% Al2O3). However, this hybrid polymer constituent includes lowest value of impact strength. Also, the morphological analysis indicated the uniform distribution of particles, the best defect-free surface and the bonding strength between the reinforcement and the epoxy matrix can be obtained using this constituent which has contributed to the improvement in the mechanical properties. The AWJM automation process was also performed based on design of experiment (Taguchi L18 design) to study the effect of the selected AWJM parameters (the hybrid polymer constituents, transverse velocity, stand of distance) on the different response variables (surface roughness, hardness, and kerf width). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) concluded that the hybrid polymer with the constituents (70 wt% Epoxy+15 wt% CF +10 wt% Sic +5 wt% Al2O3) has the most influential factor on the responses followed by transverse velocity, and then stand of distance. Moreover, the grey relational analysis was beneficially used to determine the multi optimization of AWJM parameters.

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Delamination analysis and hole quality of hybrid FRP composite using abrasive water jet machining

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Parametric investigation on surface roughness and hole quality of Ti metal hybrid fibers cored laminate (MFL) during abrasive water jet drilling

Parametric investigation on surface roughness and hole quality of Ti metal hybrid fibers cored laminate (MFL) during abrasive water jet drilling

An investigation into the impact of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer composite on the hole quality using abrasive water jet drilling

Influence of Ceramic Particles Additives on the Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Carbon Fiber/Polymer Composites

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