Delay in Retinal Photoreceptor Development in Very Preterm Compared to Term Infants

Vajzovic, Lejla; Rothman, Adam L.; Tran-Viet, Du; Cabrera, Michelle T.; Freedman, Sharon F.; Toth, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-16021

Cited by 72 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There are several differences in the results presented and those from OCT based human foveal development studies in infants (Dubis et al, 2012; Lee et al, 2015; Maldonado et al, 2011; Vajzovic et al, 2012; Vajzovic et al, 2015; Vinekar et al, 2015). Specifically, in preterm and term human infants, the foveal pit region has OCT bands indicating inner retinal components, whereas in the rhesus monkey, no evidence of ganglion cell layer or inner nuclear layer was seen on OCT imaging.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Postnatal maturation of the fovea in Macaca mulatta using optical coherence tomography

Patel

Hung

Harwerth

2017

Experimental Eye Research

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Changes in the foveal anatomy during infancy are an important component in early development of spatial vision. The present longitudinal study in rhesus monkeys was undertaken to characterize the postnatal maturation of the fovea. Starting at four weeks after birth, the retinas of the left eyes of sixteen infant monkeys were imaged using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). Retinal scans were repeated every 30 days during the first year of life and every 60 days thereafter. Volume scans through the fovea were registered, scaled using a three surface schematic eye, and analyzed to measure foveal pit parameters. The individual layers of the retina were manually segmented and thicknesses were measured over a transverse distance of 1250 microns from the center of the foveal pit. Based on infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscope (IR SLO) images acquired with the SD OCT system, there were significant changes in the extent of the retina scanned as the eyes matured. Using a three-surface schematic eye, the length of each scan could be computed and was validated using image registration (R2 = 0.88, slope = 1.003, p<0.05). Over the first 18 months of life, the mean retinal thickness at the pit center had increased by 21.4% with a corresponding 20.3% decrease in pit depth. The major changes occurred within the first 120 days, but did not stabilize until a year after birth. In Macaca mulatta infants, the primary anatomical maturation of the fovea occurs within the first few months of life, as determined by longitudinal data from SD OCT measurements. The timelines for maturation of the fovea correspond well with the normal development of the lateral geniculate nucleus, cortical neurophysiology, and spatial resolution in monkeys.

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Postnatal maturation of the fovea in Macaca mulatta using optical coherence tomography

Patel

Hung

Harwerth

2017

Experimental Eye Research

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“…Maximum LIS depends on the location of the retina that is tested. Since we used bright mesopic conditions and a Goldmann I stimulus at 0° eccentricity, the detected LIS represents the cone visual system, similar to VA. An indication of the reason of the reduced LIS compared with term-born infants could be differences in morphology on SD-OCT suggestive of photoreceptor immaturity in premature infants 34. Correlation of LIS and VA has been performed with varying degrees of success in a number of pathologies, including diabetic macular oedema, idiopathic epimacular membrane or idiopathic macular telangiectasia 37 43–45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the advent of early retinal morphological data in premature infants with and without ROP seen with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), this kind of information becomes increasingly interesting 34 35. Fundus-controlled perimetry provides a measurement of the light increment sensitivity (LIS) at defined loci within a 25° visual field and has allowed to detect small deficits in visual function in the parafoveal and macular area in other patient cohorts 36 37…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of central visual function and ROP risk factors in prematures with and without acute ROP at the age of 6–13 years: the Giessen long-term ROP study

et al. 2015

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“…Further studies with spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) has shown that the inner retinal cells have not completed their peripheral migration and that seems to be associated with the increased thickness [17, 18]. A recent study by Vajzovic et al [19] using hand-held OCT showed a delayed photoreceptor development in preterm children compared to children born at term when investigated at 37 weeks of gestation and onward. It is not known whether this delay in maturation affects the photoreceptors later in life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular function in preterm children at school age

2016

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PurposeMacular development is a complex process that starts by mid-gestation and continues several years after birth. A preterm birth could affect this development, causing increased thickness in the central macula, but the effect of the macular function remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the macular function measured with multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), in former preterm children and compare with healthy controls. A second aim was to correlate central macular function with central macular thickness measured with optical coherent tomography (OCT), in the preterm group.MethodsFifteen former preterm children born before 32 weeks of gestation were included in the study. MfERG results from 12 children acted as controls. Visual acuity, refraction in cycloplegia and mfERG were carried out in all children, and optical coherent tomography (OCT) was performed in the preterm children. Main outcomes were P1 amplitudes and implicit times for Rings 1–5 and “sum of groups” of the mfERG, and central macula thickness in area A1 measured with OCT.ResultsThe P1 amplitudes were reduced in Rings 1–5 and “Sum of groups” in the preterm children compared to controls. There were no significant correlation between P1 amplitude or implicit times in Ring 1 and central macular thickness in the preterm group.ConclusionsMacular function is reduced in former preterm children compared to children born at term. This suggests that the structural changes with a thicker central retina can have an effect on function and may be one, of probably several, explanations for visual dysfunction in preterm children at school age.

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Delay in Retinal Photoreceptor Development in Very Preterm Compared to Term Infants

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Postnatal maturation of the fovea in Macaca mulatta using optical coherence tomography

Postnatal maturation of the fovea in Macaca mulatta using optical coherence tomography

Correlation of central visual function and ROP risk factors in prematures with and without acute ROP at the age of 6–13 years: the Giessen long-term ROP study

Macular function in preterm children at school age

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