Delay Sensitive, Energy Efficient and Fault Tolerant Distributed Slot Assignment Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks under Convergecast Data Traffic

Abstract

The scarcest resource for most of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is energy and the major factor in energy consumption for WSNs is communication. Not only transmission, but also reception is the source of energy consumption. The lore to decrease energy consumption is to turn off the radio circuit when it is not needed. This is why TDMA is advantageous over contention based methods. A time slot assignment algorithm is an essential part of TDMA based systems. Although centralized time slot assignment protocols are preferred in many WSNs, a centralized approach is not scalable. In this article, a new energy efficient, delay sensitive, and fault tolerant distributed time slot assignment algorithm, referred to as ft_DTSM, is proposed for sensor networks under convergecast traffic pattern. ft_DTSM aims at operating with low delay and low energy under faulty nodes assumption. Instead of random access based periods, it assigns slots with the help of tiny request slots. While traditional slot assignment algorithms do not allow assigning the same slot within two hop neighbors, because of the hidden node problem, ft_DTSM can assign, if the assignment is suitable for convergecast traffic. Simulation results have shown that both delay and energy consumption performances of ft_DTSM is superior to existing distributed slot assignment protocols for WSNs. ft_DTSM can also distribute the slots so that the network can continue its operation against a single point of failure. Although ft_DTSM has a somewhat longer execution time, its scalability characteristic may provide application specific time durations.

Energy Efficient, Delay Sensitive, Fault Tolerant Wireless Sensor Network for Military Monitoring

“…In our military monitoring system, a new tiny slot based time distribution system, ft_DTSM is proposed to produce energy efficient, fault tolerant, and low latency WSN [20]. ft_DTSM assumes that data traffic is convergecast.…”

“…Its design considerations are energy efficiency, delay sensitivity, scalability, and fault tolerance. There are three main components of MILMON: Synchronization with a High Range Transmitter (hr-FTSP) [16], Data Indicator Slot Mechanism (DISM) [19], and Fault Tolerant Distributed Time Slot Assignment Algorithm (ft_DTSM) [20]. The individual components of MILMON are already proposed.…”

Primary Path Reservation Using Enhanced Slot Assignment in TDMA for Session Admission

“…In addition, contention based protocols, such as carrier sensing multiple accesses with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), and hybrid protocols, such as TDMA protocol based on contention and reservation [18], exist. The reservation based TDMA protocols have several advantages over contention based protocols, of which conflict free and maximum spatial reuse efficiency is acquainted to the domain [14, 19, 20]. For network with dynamic topology FPRP is a suitable one.…”

Fault tolerant broadcasting analysis in wireless monitoring networks

“…However, the failure of a sensor node should not exert a negative impact on the overall operations of the WSN * Correspondence: ghaffarpour@sut.ac.ir [12]. Since energy consumption is an important problem in sensor nodes [13][14][15][16][17][18], its usage must be controlled in order to prolong the WSN's lifetime.…”