Delayed introduction of solid feeding reduces child overweight and obesity at 10 years

Seach, Kelly; Dharmage, Shyamali C.; Lowe, Adrian J.; Dixon, John

doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.101

Cited by 106 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Those who started complementary feeding after 4 months, compared with 0-3 months, were less likely to be overweight or obese in their fourth year of life. There is observational evidence from other studies to support this finding, demonstrating that early complementary feeding is significantly associated with increased risk of overweight or obesity at age 3 years (39)(40)(41) . The ideal age to start introducing complementary food is around 6 months as recommended by the Department of Health.…”

Section: Age Of Starting Complementary Feedingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Infant feeding in relation to eating patterns in the second year of life and weight status in the fourth year

Abraham

Godwin

Sherriff

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To explore associations of early infant feeding with (i) eating patterns in the second year of life and (ii) weight status in the fourth year of life in a prospective cohort of children in Scotland. Design: Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) longitudinal birth cohort study (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). Setting: Scotland, UK. Subjects: Children aged 9-12 months (n 5217) followed through to 45-48 months. Results: Infant feeding was associated with eating patterns, defined by using SPSS two-step cluster analysis, in the second year of life. Children who were ever breast-fed compared with never breast-fed (adjusted OR 5 1?48, 95 % CI 1?27, 1?73) were more likely to have a positive eating pattern (Cluster 2). Children who started complementary feeding at 4-5 months or 6-10 months compared with 0-3 months (adjusted OR 5 1?32, 95 % CI 1?09, 1?59 or AOR 5 1?50, 95 % CI 1?19, 1?89) were more likely to belong to Cluster 2. Breast-feeding was negatively associated with being overweight or obese in the fourth year of life compared with no breast-feeding (adjusted OR 5 0?81, 95 % CI 0?81, 1?01). Introduction of complementary feeding at 4-5 months compared with 0-3 months was negatively associated with being overweight or obese (adjusted OR 5 0?74, 95 % CI 0?57, 0?97). Conclusions: Breast-feeding and introduction of complementary feeding after 4 months were associated with a positive eating pattern in the second year of life. Introduction of complementary feeding at 4-5 months compared with 0-3 months was negatively associated with being overweight or obese.

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Section: Age Of Starting Complementary Feedingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Infant feeding in relation to eating patterns in the second year of life and weight status in the fourth year

Abraham

Godwin

Sherriff

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Therefore, infants with a BMI of less than ?1 are considered within safe limits for weight gain [19][20][21]. Our and other studies indicate that partial breastfeeding is associated with increased weight gain; this could be a starting point for obesity in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Kajale

Chiplonkar

Khadilkar

et al. 2016

J Obstet Gynecol India

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Objective To study cross-sectionally, effect of early feeding practices and maternal nutrition, with special reference to traditional food supplements (TFSs), on baby's weight gain during first 6 months. Methods Design: Cross-sectional observational study design. Settings: Urban tertiary healthcare centre, India. Participants: One hundred and fifteen primiparous motherinfant pairs within 6 months of delivery. Outcome measures: We studied the subjects for anthropometry, feeding practices and nutrient intakes after delivery, and their baby's weights were measured, and WAZ scores from WHO Anthro software and weight gain from birth were calculated. Results Eighty per cent women from partial breastfeeding (PBF) group were either overweight or obese, while 33 % of exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) group were normal weight. To further explore relationship between TFS intakes and babies' feeding status, study population were divided into four groups based on consumption of TFS and feeding practices. General linear univariate model analysis adjusted with pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, infant age and birth weight showed highest weight gain (3.8 ± 0.3 kg) for TFS ? PBF group, than other groups such as TFS ? EBF group (2.9 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.043) and NTS ? EBF (2.7 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.017), though NTS ? PBF group also had lower weight gain, but this difference was not significant (3.4 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.489). 123Conclusion Higher baby's weight gain was seen among partially breastfed babies. Rather than TFS, type of feeding affected baby weight gain to a greater extent which may increase baby's risk of obesity in future.

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“…Some studies have reported a positive, dose-dependent association between breast-feeding and weight status (5)(6)(7) while others have reported a non-linear positive response (8)(9)(10) . Conversely, other studies have demonstrated little or no protective association between breast-feeding and overweight (11)(12)(13)(14) . A longitudinal study of infant feeding and obesity found that exclusive breast-feeding was not related to being overweight or obese during adult life (15) , as did a systematic analysis conducted by the WHO (16) and a systematic review of the literature which showed after adjustment for maternal overweight that the effect of breast-feeding was eliminated (17) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Infant feeding practices and prevalence of obesity in eight European countries – the IDEFICS study

Hunsberger¹,

Lanfer²,

Reeske³

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the association between exclusive breast-feeding and childhood overweight. Design: Cross-sectional data are from the baseline survey of the longitudinal cohort study IDEFICS. Exclusive rather than partial breast-feeding is the focus of the study due to the theoretical relationship between exclusive breast-feeding and development of dietary self-regulation. Children's measured heights and weights were used to calculate weight status, while waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and skinfold measures were examined as alternative indicators of adiposity and fat patterning. Setting: Examination centres in eight European countries (Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Germany and Spain). Subjects: The analysis included 14 726 children aged 2-9 years for whom early feeding practices were reported by parents in standardized questionnaires. Results: After controlling for education, income and other potential confounders, breast-feeding exclusively for 4-6 months was protective of overweight (including obesity) when compared with children never exclusively breast-fed (OR 5 0?73; 95 % CI 0?63, 0?85) across all measures of overweight. Exclusively breast-feeding for 6 months offered slightly more protection than for 4 and 5 months combined (OR 5 0?71; 95 % CI 0?58, 0?85). The associations could not be explained by socio-economic characteristics or maternal overweight. Conclusions: This multi-country investigation indicated that exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months may confer protection against overweight in addition to other known benefits. There was no demonstrated benefit of exclusive breastfeeding for more than 6 months or combination feeding for any duration across all measures of overweight examined.

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Delayed introduction of solid feeding reduces child overweight and obesity at 10 years

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

Infant feeding in relation to eating patterns in the second year of life and weight status in the fourth year

Infant feeding in relation to eating patterns in the second year of life and weight status in the fourth year

Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Infant feeding practices and prevalence of obesity in eight European countries – the IDEFICS study

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