Delayed-Onset Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Andrews, Bernice; Brewin, Chris R.; Philpott, Rosanna; Stewart, Lorna

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06091491

Cited by 404 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

282

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the increase was mainly due to the deletion of the time criterion, accounting for a tendency of late symptom onset in the present sample. This finding provides further preliminary support for the deletion of the time criterion and supports a systematic review that reports on delayed PTSD onset, particularly among individuals exposed to combat or war (Andrews et al, 2007). One might think of underlying mechanisms that may facilitate a late symptom onset, especially among populations of military personnel that are presented with long lasting and repeated traumatization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Besides, the ICD-11 proposal clarifies that impairment in one area of functioning and a duration of at least one month must be reported (Maercker et al, 2013). Moreover, the traumatic event does not need to cause immediate distress (Brewin et al, 2009; Maercker et al, 2013), and the symptom onset can be delayed more than six months post trauma (Andrews, Brewin, Philpott, & Stewart, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11 criteria for PTSD with DSM-IV and ICD-10: changes in PTSD prevalence in military personnel

Kuester

Köhler²,

Ehring

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Recently, changes have been introduced to the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Objectives:This study investigated the effect of the diagnostic changes made from DSM-IV to DSM-5 and from ICD-10 to the proposed ICD-11. The concordance of provisional PTSD prevalence between the diagnostic criteria was examined in a convenience sample of 100 members of the German Armed Forces. Method: Based on questionnaire measurements, provisional PTSD prevalence was assessed according to DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10, and proposed ICD-11 criteria. Consistency of the diagnostic status across the diagnostic systems was statistically evaluated. Results: Provisional PTSD prevalence was the same for DSM-IV and DSM-5 (both 56%) and comparable under DSM-5 versus ICD-11 proposal (48%). Agreement between DSM-IV and DSM-5, and between DSM-5 and the proposed ICD-11, was high (both p < .001). Provisional PTSD prevalence was significantly increased under ICD-11 proposal compared to ICD-10 (30%) which was mainly due to the deletion of the time criterion. Agreement between ICD-10 and the proposed ICD-11 was low (p = .014). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for a satisfactory concordance between provisional PTSD prevalence based on the diagnostic criteria for PTSD that are defined using DSM-IV, DSM-5, and proposed ICD-11. This supports the assumption of a set of PTSD core symptoms as suggested in the ICD-11 proposal, when at the same time a satisfactory concordance between ICD-11 proposal and DSM was given. The finding of increased provisional PTSD prevalence under ICD-11 proposal in contrast to ICD-10 can be of guidance for future epidemiological research on PTSD prevalence, especially concerning further investigations on the impact, appropriateness, and usefulness of the time criterion included in ICD-10 versus the consequences of its deletion as proposed for ICD-11.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11 criteria for PTSD with DSM-IV and ICD-10: changes in PTSD prevalence in military personnel

Kuester

Köhler²,

Ehring

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They typically discharge from military service within the first 2 yr postinjury [6,[24][25] and may receive postinjury care from military and/or Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare systems [26]. Separation from supportive military amputee care [27] presents new social, financial, and occupational challenges of long-term disability [28][29][30][31]. These challenges may exacerbate prior symptoms and contribute to new PTSD cases several years after injury [29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Separation from supportive military amputee care [27] presents new social, financial, and occupational challenges of long-term disability [28][29][30][31]. These challenges may exacerbate prior symptoms and contribute to new PTSD cases several years after injury [29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glasgow Coma Scale scores, early opioids, and 4-year psychological outcomes among combat amputees

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Morphine and fentanyl are frequently used for analgesia after trauma, but there is debate over the advantages and disadvantages of these opioids. Among combat amputees, intravenous (IV) morphine (vs IV fentanyl) after injury was associated with reduced likelihood of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The previous results were based on military health diagnoses over 2 yr postinjury. The present study followed psychological diagnoses of patients with amputation for 4 yr using military and Department of Veterans Affairs health data. Intheater combat casualty records (n = 145) documented Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and/or morphine, fentanyl, or no opioid treatment within hours of injury. We found that (1) GCS scores were not significantly associated with PTSD; (2) longitudinal modeling using four (yearly) time points showed significantly reduced odds of PTSD for patients treated with morphine (vs fentanyl) across years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.40; 95% confidence interval = 0.17-0.94); (3) reduced PTSD prevalence for morphine (vs IV fentanyl; morphine = 25%, fentanyl = 59%, p < 0.05) was significant, specifically among patients with traumatic brain injury during the first 2 yr postinjury; and (4) PTSD prevalence, but not other disorders (e.g., mood), increased between year 1 (PTSD = 18%) and years 2 through 4 postinjury (PTSD range = 30%-32%).

show abstract

“…There is no guidance in these criteria as to whether the onset of symptoms refers to any PTSD symptoms or if it only refers to the full PTSD diagnosis, but much of the evidence suggests that "true" delayed-onset PTSD (i.e. where there is no evidence of any previous symptoms) is uncommon (Andrews et al, 2007). Much more common is that people have prior symptoms that fall short of caseness before finally fulfilling the criteria.…”

Section: Trajectories Of Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD in the armed forces: What have we learned from the recent cohort studies of Iraq/Afghanistan?

Goodwin

Rona

2013

Journal of Mental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Delayed-Onset Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Cited by 404 publications

References 49 publications

Comparison of DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11 criteria for PTSD with DSM-IV and ICD-10: changes in PTSD prevalence in military personnel

Comparison of DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11 criteria for PTSD with DSM-IV and ICD-10: changes in PTSD prevalence in military personnel

Glasgow Coma Scale scores, early opioids, and 4-year psychological outcomes among combat amputees

PTSD in the armed forces: What have we learned from the recent cohort studies of Iraq/Afghanistan?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About