The effect of defect chemistry on the polar and non-polar phases of hexagonal InMnO 3 is investigated using first principles density functional calculations. Our motivation is to show how point defects and substitutional atoms can modify the delicate balance between ferroelectric and non-ferroelectric phases in a complex multiferroic oxide. By analyzing the distinct In corrugation patterns of the competing phases, we find that oxygen interstitials and indium-oxygen vacancy pairs favor the polar P 6 3 cm phase, which is also the ground state of stoichiometric InMnO 3 . The polar P 3c1 phase is stabilized by oxygen vacancies, while In vacancies and Ga substitution on the Mn site 1 destabilize the ferroelectric phases and favor instead the non-polar P3c or P 6 3 /mmc structures. In addition to the structure, the electrical properties are also strongly dependent on the defect chemistry, ranging from metallic to large band-gap insulating.The implications of the strong influence of vacancies, interstitials and substitutions on the ferroelectric and electronic properties are discussed with respect to synthesis and applications.