Delimitation of taxa in Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) based in morphology and molecular phylogeny of Brazilian specimens

Abstract

From 2007 to 2014, specimens of Amauroderma were collected mostly in North and Northeast Brazil. Additionally, material deposited in herbaria was reviewed. The analysed specimens represented 20 species, six of them new to science: Amauroderma albostipitatum, A. floriformum, A. laccatostipitatum, A. ovisporum, A. sessile and A. subsessile. Twelve species, three of them new, had their ITS and/or LSU region of the DNA sequenced. According to the results, Amauroderma is not monophyletic; A. partitum and A. schomburgkii are macro-morphologically variable species; the synonym of A. calcigenum with A. partitum is not supported, and the use of macro- and micro-morphological characters is a useful tool to delimit species of the genus.

Morphological reassessment and molecular phylogenetic analyses of Amauroderma s.lat. raised new perspectives in the generic classification of the Ganodermataceae family

“…These analyses, combined with morphological analyses evidenced new ultrastructural characters that enable a better understanding of the generic delimitation in the family. Our results agree with the polyphyletic status of Amauroderma previously proposed with morphological and phylogenetic approaches ( Steyaert 1972 , Gomes-Silva et al 2015 , Costa-Rezende et al 2016 ).…”

“…Furtadoa brasiliensis and F. biseptata (both as A. brasiliense ) appeared in a distinct lineage from Amauroderma s.str. in previous studies carried out by Gomes-Silva et al (2015) and Costa-Rezende et al (2016) , supporting our proposition. Furthermore, hyphal system structure has been considered as a character to support the proposition of new genera among Agaricomycetes, especially polypores, such as in Perenniporiella , Yuchengia, Sanghuangporus , Tropicoporus and Phellinotus ( Decock & Ryvarden 2003 , Robledo et al 2009 , Zhao et al 2013 , Zhou et al 2015 , Drechsler-Santos et al 2016 ).…”

“…Ecology & Distribution — Specimens growing on the ground or on decayed angiosperm wood from Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela ( Ryvarden 2004 , Coelho et al 2007 , Gomes-Silva et al 2015 , as Amauroderma brasiliense ).…”

“…Amauroderma corneri was proposed fifteen years later to accommodate another monomitic species with Amauroderma -like basidiospores, based on a specimen from Atlantic Rain Forest in Brazil ( Gulaid & Ryvarden 1998 ). However, the species was later considered under synonymy of A. brasiliense ( Ryvarden 2004 , Coelho et al 2007 , Gomes-Silva et al 2015 ). In accordance with the morphological differences reported, i.e., A. corneri has a thin and funnel- to fan-shaped pileus, whitish when fresh, turning orange to brown when dried and A. brasiliense presents a thick and permanently pale basidiomata ( Gomes-Silva et al 2015 ), we preferred to maintain both taxa as independent species.…”

“…forming a monophyletic clade and some Amauroderma species defined in its broad morphological sense grouped out of Amauroderma s.str. ( Gomes-Silva et al 2015 , Costa-Rezende et al 2016 ). Although several molecular phylogenetic studies have been published on Ganoderma and Amauroderma , no synthesis of molecular data has been presented with a phylogenetic overview in context of Ganodermataceae .…”