Delinking Investment in Antibiotic Research and Development from Sales Revenues: The Challenges of Transforming a Promising Idea into Reality

Outterson, Kevin; Gopinathan, Unni; Clift, Charles; So, Anthony D.; Morel, Chantal M.; Røttingen, John-Arne

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2795774

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most recently, a prize model has been proposed to incentivize the development of novel antibiotics to address the increasing global problem of antibiotic resistance (12) . Importantly, the price is delinked from the volume of sales (as with U.S. government acquisition programs), a key issue for EIDs, where volumes are often insufficient to drive viable markets (13) .…”

Section: Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security

Kaplan

Chaudhuri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent outbreaks of infectious pathogens such as Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19 have underscored the need for the dependable availability of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). The cost and risk of R&D programs and uniquely unpredictable demand for EID vaccines have discouraged vaccine developers, and government and nonprofit agencies have been unable to provide timely or sufficient incentives for their development and sustained supply. We analyze the economic returns of a portfolio of EID vaccine assets, and find that under realistic financing assumptions, the expected returns are significantly negative, implying that the private sector is unlikely to address this need without public-sector intervention. We have sized the financing deficit for this portfolio and propose several potential solutions, including price increases, enhanced public-private partnerships, and subscription models through which individuals would pay annual fees to obtain access to a portfolio of vaccines in the event of an outbreak.

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Section: Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security

Kaplan

Chaudhuri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition, there is pressure to reserve newer antibiotics as the last resort for critically ill patients. The concept of de-linking the returns from the pharmaceutical volume of sales has been discussed widely but has not yet been fully implemented (Outterson et al, 2016) [25] . India has a large number of pharmaceutical companies and academia that have the potential to carry out research and development activities on newer classes of antibiotics with encouragement and support from the government.…”

Section: Strategic Priority 5 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance: An emerging threat for one health - solutions and way forward

Saxena¹,

Rai²

2020

Int. J. Chem. Stud.

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The spread of infections that are resistant to antimicrobial medicines has emerged as a threat to public health globally. This is promoted by human actions such as inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics prescribing and use of antimicrobials, insufficient hospital hygiene, inappropriate use of antibiotics in livestock sector, misuse of antibiotics in agriculture and humans, irresponsible manufacturing of antibiotics including uncontrolled release of active antibiotics into the environment. Antibiotics resistance can be more prevalent where antibiotic consumption is found to be higher. Lack of monitoring and control in using antibiotics is prominent and need to be targeted at country level. India is at the greatest risk looking to low process of antibiotics, easy availability and unnecessary use of antibiotics. For containing antimicrobial resistance there is a need to promote and protect human health within the framework of a One health approach through coherent, comprehensive and integrated multi-sectoral cooperation and actions as human, animal and environment health are interconnected. In India, various actions have been taken including setting up of a National Task Force on AMR Containment (2010), "Chennai Declaration" by a consortium of the Indian Medical Societies (2012), Setting of Indian Council of Medical Research national surveillance network of laboratories, "Redline" campaign for educating public and National Action Plan on AMR 2017. There is a need integrating AMR education in medical education.

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“…Lack of stewardship, coupled with evolution and additional factors led to bacteria becoming resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics. Antibiotic research declined for a number of reasons including the fact that medicines for lifestyle diseases are more profitable [1,2]. However, there is a revival in research to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Pseudomonas sp. RIT 623, a slow-growing bacterium endowed with antibiotic properties

et al. 2020

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Objective There is an urgent need for the discovery and/or development of novel antibiotics. We report an exploration of “slow”-growing bacteria, which can be difficult to isolate using rich media as they are usually outcompeted by “fast”-growing bacteria, as potential sources of novel antimicrobials. Results Pseudomonas sp. RIT 623 was isolated using pond water agar from a pond located on the campus of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). The genome was sequenced and analyzed for potential secondary metabolite gene clusters. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 14 putative gene clusters predicted to encode pathways for the anabolism of secondary metabolites. Ethyl acetate extracts from spent growth medium of Pseudomonas sp. RIT 623 were tested against two Gram-negative ( E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and two Gram-positive ( B. subtilis BGSC 168 and S. aureus ATCC 25923) type strains to assess antibiotic activity. The antibiotic assays demonstrated that extracts of Pseudomonas sp. RIT 623 were able to inhibit the growth of the four strains. The active compound was separated using diethyl ether in a multi-solvent extraction and reverse phase chromatography. The bioactive compound/s were subsequently eluted in two consecutive fractions corresponding to approximately 16–22% acetonitrile, indicative of polar compound/s.

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Delinking Investment in Antibiotic Research and Development from Sales Revenues: The Challenges of Transforming a Promising Idea into Reality

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security

Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security

Antimicrobial resistance: An emerging threat for one health - solutions and way forward

Isolation and whole-genome sequencing of Pseudomonas sp. RIT 623, a slow-growing bacterium endowed with antibiotic properties

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