Delta or Omicron <scp>BA</scp>.1/2‐neutralizing antibody levels and T‐cell reactivity after triple‐vaccination or infection

Rose, Ruben; Neumann, Franziska; Müller, S; Bäumler, Carina; Schäfer, Miriam R.; Schön, Frieda; Römpke, Janine; Schulze, Simone; Weyer, Dirk; Grobe, Olaf; Lorentz, Thomas; Fickenscher, Helmut; Krumbholz, Andi

doi:10.1111/all.15395

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After the 3 rd vaccination, however, all individuals developed BA.2-neutralizing antibodies, but antibody levels were on average 3-fold lower than those against the B.1.513 strain. These results reflect an expansion of the antibody repertoire after the 3 rd vaccination, despite being vaccinated with the original mRNA vaccine, and are consistent with other studies ( 16 , 24 , 33 , 35 , 53 , 55 , 56 ). These broadly neutralizing antibody responses are likely mediated by the generation and expansion of B cell clones expressing broadly reactive and potent antibodies ( 13 , 21 , 53 , 57 – 62 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Briefly, all samples were diluted from 1:10 to 1:1280 in a DMEM-based FCS-free cell culture medium. Either 50 plaque-forming units per well of a type B.1.513 strain (isolated in April 2020 in Germany, pre-VOC) or an Omicron BA.2 strain (isolated in January 2022 in Germany) were used as antigens; both strains are fully sequenced ( 35 , 36 , 38 ). After an incubation of the plasma dilutions with the virus strains at 37°C for one hour, the serum mixture was added to Vero cells (order no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the neutralizing capacity of plasma samples against SARS-CoV-2, they were tested in an in-house Vero cell-based virus neutralization test in triplicates in a 96-well plate format under biosafety level 3 conditions, as previously reported (33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Briefly, all samples were diluted from 1:10 to 1:1280 in a DMEM-based FCSfree cell culture medium.…”

Section: Cell-based Virus Neutralization Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination – kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells

Wietschel,

Fechtner,

Antileo

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity. While the serum antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied in depth, our knowledge of the underlying plasmablast and memory B cell (Bmem) responses is still incomplete. Here, we determined the antibody and B cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in a naïve population and contrasted it with the response to a single influenza vaccination in a primed cohort. In addition, we analyzed the antibody and B cell responses against the four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs).MethodsMeasurement of specific plasma IgG antibodies was combined with functional analyses of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and Bmems. SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-specific IgG antibodies were quantified with an in-house bead-based multiplexed immunoassay.ResultsThe antibody and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination reflected the kinetics of a prime-boost immunization, characterized by a slow and moderate primary response and a faster and stronger secondary response. In contrast, the influenza vaccinees possessed robust immune memory for the vaccine antigens prior to vaccination, and the recall vaccination moderately boosted antibody production and Bmem responses. Antibody levels and Bmem responses waned several months after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination, but were restored upon the 3rd vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies mainly targeted novel, non-cross-reactive S1 epitopes of the viral spike protein, while cross-reactive S2 epitopes were less immunogenic. Booster vaccination not only strongly enhanced neutralizing antibodies against an original SARS-CoV-2 strain, but also induced neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 variant. We observed a 100% plasma antibody prevalence against the S1 subunits of HCoVs, which was not affected by vaccination.DiscussionOverall, by complementing classical serology with a functional evaluation of plasmablasts and memory B cells we provide new insights into the specificity of COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and B cell responses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell-based Virus Neutralization Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination – kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells

Wietschel,

Fechtner,

Antileo

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The primers are regularly adapted to newly emerging variants. Data were analyzed using the poreCov workflow and assigned to a Pango lineage [8, 32]. Aliquots of SARS-CoV-2-containing nasopharyngeal swab specimens in phosphate-buffered saline were then shaken in cell culture medium and placed in 48-well plates seeded with Vero cells, which were then incubated under standard conditions at 37°C for several days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All virus cultivation and RNA extraction steps were performed under biosafety level-3 conditions. The resulting SARS-CoV-2 isolates were also sequenced according to the ARTIC protocol and used for neutralization experiments or other purposes [32]. The sequencing of the original samples was carried out for epidemiological reasons or according to the requirements of the Coronavirus Surveillance Ordinance (CorSurV) of the Federal Republic of Germany.…”

Section: Preparation Of Total Rnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnipore: Prediction of differential single nucleotide changes in the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing signal of SARS-CoV-2 samples

Spangenberg

Siederdissen

Žarković

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) allows direct sequencing of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and, in addition, detection of possible RNA modifications due to deviations from the expected ONT signal. The software available so far for this purpose can only detect a small number of modifications. Alternatively, two samples can be compared for different RNA modifications. We present Magnipore, a novel tool to search for significant signal shifts between samples of Oxford Nanopore data from similar or related species. Magnipore classifies them into mutations and potential modifications. We use Magnipore to compare SARS-CoV-2 samples. Included were representatives of the early 2020s Pango lineages (n=6), samples from Pango lineages B.1.1.7 (n=2, Alpha), B.1.617.2 (n=1, Delta), and B.1.529 (n=7, Omicron). Magnipore utilizes position-wise Gaussian distribution models and a comprehensible significance threshold to find differential signals. In the case of Alpha and Delta, Magnipore identifies 55 detected mutations and 15 sites that hint at differential modifications. We predicted potential virus-variant and variant-group-specific differential modifications. Magnipore contributes to advancing RNA modification analysis in the context of viruses and virus variants.

show abstract

The long term vaccine‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immune response is impaired in quantity and quality under TNFα blockade

Geisen¹,

Rose

Neumann³

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) declines more rapidly with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) inhibition. Furthermore, the efficacy of current vaccines against Omicron variants of concern (VOC) including BA.2 is limited. Alterations within immune cell populations, changes in IgG affinity, and the ability to neutralize a pre‐VOC strain and the BA.2 virus were investigated in these at‐risk patients. Serum levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG, IgG avidity, and neutralizing antibodies (NA) were determined in anti‐TNF‐α patients ( n = 10) and controls ( n = 24 healthy individuals; n = 12 patients under other disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, oDMARD) before and after the second and third vaccination by ELISA, immunoblot and live virus neutralization assay. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific B‐ and T cell subsets were analysed by multicolor flow cytometry. Six months after the second vaccination, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG levels, IgG avidity and anti‐pre‐VOC NA titres were significantly reduced in anti‐TNF‐α recipients compared to controls (healthy individuals: avidity: p ≤ 0.0001; NA: p = 0.0347; oDMARDs: avidity: p = 0.0012; NA: p = 0.0293). The number of plasma cells was increased in anti‐TNF‐α patients (Healthy individuals: p = 0.0344; oDMARDs: p = 0.0254), while the absolute number of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific plasma cells 7 days after 2nd vaccination were comparable. Even after a third vaccination, these patients had lower anti‐BA.2 NA titres compared to both other groups. We show a reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing capacity in patients under TNF‐α blockade. In this cohort, the plasma cell response appears to be less specific and shows stronger bystander activation. While these effects were observable after the first two vaccinations and with older VOC, the differences in responses to BA.2 were enhanced.

show abstract

Delta or Omicron BA.1/2‐neutralizing antibody levels and T‐cell reactivity after triple‐vaccination or infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination – kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells

Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination – kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells

Magnipore: Prediction of differential single nucleotide changes in the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing signal of SARS-CoV-2 samples

The long term vaccine‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immune response is impaired in quantity and quality under TNFα blockade

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About