Deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Jammu and Kashmir, India

Ahanger, R. R.; Godara, Rajesh; Katoch, Rajesh; Yadav, Anish; Bhutyal, A. D. S.; Katoch, Meenu; Singh, Nirbhay Kumar; Bader, M. A.

doi:10.1007/s10493-015-9960-x

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Also, Eshetuet al, (2013) who studied the in vitro efficacy of diazinon 0.06% against Rhipicephalus pulchellus and Amblyomma gemma using modified adult immersion test and found that after 7 days incubation of females, Diazinon 0.06% cause control of oviposition by 88.85% and 71.41% in A. gemma and R. pulchellus, respectively. The results of the current study also confirmed by Ahanger et al, (2015) who observed that the increase in concentration of the deltamethrin could not cause mortality in all the exposed ticks but the egg laying capacity or the efficacy of conversion of live weight into egg mass decreased among the surviving ticks. On the other hand, these results were disagreed with results obtained by Kumar et al, (2016) who tested Butox ® 0.003 % Vet (containing 1.25% deltamethrin) against field ticks and resistant tick lines and found that the product led to 1.5-7.7 % inhibition of oviposition in resistant tick lines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparative in Vitro Study on the Efficacy of Some Commercial Insecticides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks

Haggag¹,

Samaha²,

Nossair³

et al. 2017

AJVS

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Key words:Comparison, Butox ® , Diazinon, Achook, Acaricidal ActivityCommercially available preparations including Butox ® 50% (containing 5% deltamethrin), Diazinon 15% and Achook 0.15% (containing 0.15% Azadirachtin) were compared for their acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus engorged females obtained from naturally infested cattle from Rashid city, Behera Province, Egypt, and other developmental stages using immersion test. It was found that the highest mortality (86.6%) was achieved by using Diazinon 15% and Achook at concentrations of 4 ml/l and 0.15%, respectively. The complete inhibition of oviposition was observed when using Butox ® 50% and diazinon 15% at all used dilutions while Achook caused drop in reproductive index (RI) of tested females reached 75% at concentration of 0.075%. On the other hand, the bioassays on eggs and larvae revealed the superior effect of Achook over Butox ® 50% and Diazinon 15%; as the lowest hatchability (0%) of eggs and highest mortality (100%) within the first 24 hours post treatment on unfed larvae was achieved in Achook at both concentrations of 0.15% and 0.075% azadirachtin. Finally, it was concluded that Butox ® 50%, Diazinon 15% and Achook 0.15% commercially available pesticides showed variation in percentages of adult tick and larval mortalities, inhibition of oviposition and hatching of laid eggs. Promising results of Achook which is a product for agricultural use and does not have recommended dose for veterinary application yet needs further investigations to be recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparative in Vitro Study on the Efficacy of Some Commercial Insecticides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks

Haggag¹,

Samaha²,

Nossair³

et al. 2017

AJVS

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“…Among these pesticides, the synthetic pyrethroids, deltamethrin and flumethrin, are commercially available in India and presently the predominant acaricides used to control tick in the country [ 4 , 5 ]. There are reports indicating development of various grade of resistance against pyrethroids in field strains [ 3 , 5 – 7 ]. Besides this, fipronil is a part of new generation of products used to combat invertebrates [ 8 ] and has been recently introduced in the Indian market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroDetection of Acaricidal Resistance Status ofRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusagainst Commercial Preparation of Deltamethrin, Flumethrin, and Fipronil from North Gujarat, India

Shyma

Gupta

Singh

et al. 2015

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the most common tick species in India infesting cattle and buffaloes and causing significant economic losses to dairy and leather industries by adversely affecting the milk production and quality of hides. A study to evaluate the acaricide resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to deltamethrin, flumethrin, and fipronil was conducted on the samples collected from organized and unorganized farms of North Gujarat state, where treatment failures were reported frequently. Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and Larval Packet Test (LPT) were conducted using field strain for determination of 50 and 95% lethal concentration of deltamethrin, flumethrin, and fipronil. Results obtained by the Adult Immersion Test showed low grade resistance (level I, RF > 5) has been developed against both deltamethrin and fipronil. However, deltamethrin by performing Larval Packet Test showed moderate grade resistance (level II, RF > 25). Larval packet performed by flumethrin also revealed low grade resistance, level I. The data on field status of acaricide resistance from the area with diversified animal genetic resources will be helpful to adopt suitable strategy to overcome the process of development of resistance in ticks.

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“…Since the first report of synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus in Australia in 1989, there have been continuous reports of resistance to this class of acaricides globally [ 28 – 30 ]. Studies from different countries have shown that different mutations in the VGSC gene of R. microplus lead to different resistance phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular assessment of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations in Rhipicephalus microplus from Guangxi, China

Jiang,

Xie,

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Abstract Background Pyrethroid chemicals are one of the main acaricides used against ticks. Resistance to these chemicals has been reported to be associated with mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of the Rhipicephalus microplus. This study investigates R. microplus resistance to pyrethroids in Guangxi region of China, marking one of the first research efforts in this area. The findings are intended to provide vital baseline for the effective implementation of localized tick control strategies. Methods From March to July 2021, 447 R. microplus tick samples were collected from five prefecture-level cities in Guangxi. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was used to amplify segments C190A and G215T of the domain II S4-5 linker and T2134A of domain III S6 in the VGSC, to detect nucleotide mutations associated with resistance to pyrethroid acaricides. Subsequent analyses were conducted to ascertain the prevalence, types of mutations, and genotypic distributions within the sampled populations. Results Mutations within VGSC gene were identified across all five studied populations of R. microplus, although the mutation rates remained generally low. Specifically, the most prevalent mutation was C190A, observed in 4.9% of the samples (22/447), followed by G215T at 4.0% (18/447), and T2134A at 1.3% (6/447). The distribution of mutations across three critical sites of the VGSC gene revealed four distinct mutation types: C190A, G215T, C190A + G215T, and T2134A. Notably, the single mutation C190A had the highest mutation frequency, accounting for 4.3%, and the C190A + G215T combination had the lowest, at only 0.7%. The analysis further identified seven genotypic combinations, with the wild-type combination C/C + G/G + T/T predominating at a frequency of 90.4%. Subsequently, the C/A + G/G + T/T combination was observed at a frequency of 4.3%, whereas the C/C + T/T + T/T combination exhibited the lowest frequency (0.2%). Additionally, no instances of simultaneous mutations at all three sites were detected. Geographical differences in mutation types were apparent. Both samples from Hechi to Chongzuo cities exhibited the same three mutation types; however, C190A was the most prevalent in Hechi, while G215T dominated in Chongzuo. In contrast, samples from Beihai to Guilin each exhibited only one mutation type: G215T occurred in 12.5% (4/32) of Beihai samples, and C190A in 7.5% (4/53) of Guilin samples. Conclusions These findings underscore the relatively low frequency of VGSC gene mutations in R. microplus associated with pyrethroid resistance in the Guangxi, China. Moreover, the variation in mutation types and genotypic distributions across different locales highlights the need for regionalized strategies in monitoring and managing pyrethroid resistance in tick populations. This molecular surveillance is crucial for informing targeted control measures and mitigating the risk of widespread resistance emergence. Graphical Abstract

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Deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Jammu and Kashmir, India

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Comparative in Vitro Study on the Efficacy of Some Commercial Insecticides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks

Comparative in Vitro Study on the Efficacy of Some Commercial Insecticides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks

In VitroDetection of Acaricidal Resistance Status ofRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusagainst Commercial Preparation of Deltamethrin, Flumethrin, and Fipronil from North Gujarat, India

Molecular assessment of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations in Rhipicephalus microplus from Guangxi, China

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