DEM and GIS analysis of geomorphic indices for evaluating recent uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China

Gao, M.; Zeilinger, Gerold; Xu, Xiwei; Wang, Qingliang; Hao, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.008

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, the morphometric results bring a new important piece in the jigsaw by delimiting the area affected by this major event between the Vouraikos and Krios valleys. A possible cause to higher uplift rates in this area around 0.35-0.4 Ma has been identified by Hemelsdaël and Ford (2015), who show that the Middle Pleistocene linkage history between the eastward propagating East Heliki fault and the Derveni fault, where the Krathis river flows into the Gulf of Corinth, included a phase of relay zone uplift and valley incision in this same time span. Strikingly, the morphometric data do not evidence any discontinuity in the onshore evolution of the southern rift shoulder around 0.7 Ma, which however appears in the onshore syn-rift stratigraphy as the starting time of Upper Group deposition (Rohais et al, 2007b) and might also be correlated with the 0.7-0.6 Ma age assigned to the first-order discontinuity in the seismic profiles (Taylor et al, 2011 ;Nixon et al, 2013).…”

Section: Timing Of the Uplift Phasesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Interpreted that way, the highest steepness values characterize downstream river reaches incising the footwall of the Krathis fault and the relay zone between the East Heliki and Derveni faults (Hemelsdaël and Ford, 2015), as well as the footwall of the onshore Xylokastro fault, suggesting that these faults underwent the highest Holocene slip rates. By contrast, the location of the GR peak indicates that, in the middle term (a few 10 5 ka), average slip rate was highest on faults located slightly more to the west.…”

Section: Steepnessmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It represents the rock volume of the basin as a percentage of a unit volume whose generatrix is the horizontal surface delimited by the basin perimeter and whose base is at basin outlet's elevation and top at basin highest point's elevation. The hypsometric integral is thought to provide a quantitative estimate of basin dissection and thus of the state of landscape evolution, which may be interpreted in terms of response to tectonics (e.g., Chen et al, 2003;Perez-Peña et al, 2009a;Gao et al, 2013) or of prevailing erosion processes, for example glacial versus fluvial erosion (e.g., Brocklehurst and Whipple, 2004;Korup et al, 2005;Sternai et al, 2011). However, while uncertainty about the initial topography biases to some extent the relative meaning of such quantities, similar values of the integral may also correspond to quite different shapes of the hypsometric curve and witness very different stages and/or mechanisms of landscape evolution (Bishop et al, 2002).…”

Section: Basin Hypsometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

2015

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The Rift of Corinth is a world-class example of young active rifting and, as such, is an ideal natural laboratory of continental extension. However, though much investigated for two decades, several aspects of the mechanisms at work are still poorly understood. The aim of this paper is a detailed morphometric study of the fluvial landscape response to the tectonic uplift of the rift southern shoulder in order to reconstruct the rift's Quaternary evolution, with special attention to timing, location, and intensity of uplift episodes. Based on the use of a large set of catchment and long profile metrics complemented by the new R/S R integrative approach of the regional drainage network, we identified three distinct episodes of uplift of the northern Peloponnese coastal tract, of which the intermediate one, dated around 0.35-0.4 Ma, is only recorded in the topography of the central part of the rift shoulder, and the youngest one appears to have propagated from east to west over the last 10-20 ka. While net uplift remained minimum in the eastern part of the study area during the whole Quaternary, it shows a clear maximum in the central part of the rift shoulder since 0.4 Ma and an eastward shift of this maximum in recent times. Maximum uplift rates calculated from the morphometric data are of > 1.05 and 2-5 mm year -1 for, the mid-Middle Pleistocene and Holocene uplift episodes, respectively. The morphometric evidence reveals an onshore uplift history remarkably consistent with the rift evolution reconstructed from other data sets. In the long term, it shows a stable pattern of maximum activity in the central part of the rift, confirming previous conclusions about the absence of rift propagation. In the short term, it sheds light on a possible E-W migration of the zone of recent uplift, suggesting that in the near future fault activity and seismic hazard might concentrate in the Heliki-Aegion area, at the western tip of this uplift wave.

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Section: Timing Of the Uplift Phasesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Steepnessmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Basin Hypsometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

2015

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“…The indicative values of the IRAT are consistent with known uplift rates, landform characteristics and geology. Gao et al (2013) used geomorphic indices such as the hypsometric integral and the stream length gradient index to infer and evaluate the recent uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. HI spatially corresponds to the hanging walls of thrust faults and is positively correlated with the leveling data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative tectonics and debris flow hazards in the Beijing mountain area from DEM-derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

et al. 2016

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The geomorphic setting of the tectonically active area around Beijing is a result of complex interactions involving Yanshan neotectonic movements and processes of erosion and deposition. The Beijing Mountain study area contains the junction of two mountain ranges (the Yanshan Mountains and the Taihang Mountains). Tectonic activity has significantly influenced the drainage system and the geomorphic situation in the area, leading to a high probability of the development of debris flows, which is one of the major abrupt geological disasters in the region. Based on 30-m-resolution ASTER GDEM data, a total of 752 drainage basins were extracted using ArcGIS software. A total of 705 debris flow valleys were visually interpreted from ALOS satellite images and published documents. Seven geomorphic indices were calculated for each basin including the relief amplitude, the hypsometric integral, the stream length gradient, the basin shape indices, the fractal dimension, the asymmetry factor, and the ratio of the valley floor width to the height. These geomorphic indices were divided into five classes and the ratio of the number of the debris flow valleys to the number of the drainage basins for each geomorphic index was computed and analyzed for every class. Average class values of the seven indices were used to derive an index of relative active tectonics (IRAT). The ratio of the number of the debris flow valleys to the number of the drainage basins was computed for every class of IRAT. The degree of probable risk level was then defined from the IRAT classes. Finally, the debris flow hazard was evaluated for each drainage basin based on the combined effect of probable risk level and occurrence frequency of the debris flows. The result showed a good correspondence between IRAT classes and the ratio of the number of the debris flow valleys to the number of the drainage basins. Approximately 65% of the drainage basins with occurred debris flow valleys are at a high risk level, while 43% of the drainage basins without occurred debris flow valleys are at a high risk level. A comparison with results from past studies demonstrated that the accuracy of these findings is greater than 85%, indicating that the basin topography created by rapid tectonic deformations is more favorable for debris flows.

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“…A digital elevation model (DEM) is the main approach to expressing terrain, and it is indispensable for topographic analysis and visualization [2][3][4][5]. Because terrain is an indispensable factor for modeling geographical processes (e.g., hydrologic processes [6], geologic processes [7], and natural hazard processes [8]), terrain information content can be applied to many fields along with other geo-spatial information. For example, we can evaluate the effectiveness of a rendered DEM for the render designer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Measuring the Information Content of Terrain from Digital Elevation Models

Liu

et al. 2015

Entropy

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Abstract:As digital terrain models are indispensable for visualizing and modeling geographic processes, terrain information content is useful for terrain generalization and representation. For terrain generalization, if the terrain information is considered, the generalized terrain may be of higher fidelity. In other words, the richer the terrain information at the terrain surface, the smaller the degree of terrain simplification. Terrain information content is also important for evaluating the quality of the rendered terrain, e.g., the rendered web terrain tile service in Google Maps (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). However, a unified definition and measures for terrain information content have not been established. Therefore, in this paper, a definition and measures for terrain information content from Digital Elevation Model (DEM, i.e., a digital model or 3D representation of a terrain's surface) data are proposed and are based on the theory of map information content, remote sensing image information content and other geospatial information content. The information entropy was taken as the information measuring method for the terrain information content. Two experiments were carried out to verify the measurement methods of the terrain information content. One is the analysis of terrain information content in OPEN ACCESSEntropy 2015, 17 7022 different geomorphic types, and the results showed that the more complex the geomorphic type, the richer the terrain information content. The other is the analysis of terrain information content with different resolutions, and the results showed that the finer the resolution, the richer the terrain information. Both experiments verified the reliability of the measurements of the terrain information content proposed in this paper.

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DEM and GIS analysis of geomorphic indices for evaluating recent uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China

Cited by 72 publications

References 44 publications

Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

Relative tectonics and debris flow hazards in the Beijing mountain area from DEM-derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

Method for Measuring the Information Content of Terrain from Digital Elevation Models

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